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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2017
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Influências tafonómicas na degradação óssea: análise experimental em modelos animais

Authors: Matos, Ana Marta Neves de;

Influências tafonómicas na degradação óssea: análise experimental em modelos animais

Abstract

O objectivo deste estudo é observar o comportamento de alguns factores a que um cadáver pode ser exposto, envolvendo traumatismos e alterações térmico-induzidas. Trata-se de um estudo experimental onde, recorrendo a modelos animais, se pretende simular o desenrolar de traumatismos em peças anatómicas previamente sujeitas à acção de diferentes temperaturas, bem como avaliar o seu comportamento pós-trauma a outras alterações térmico-induzidas.Os modelos animais foram fémures de porco (de animais abatidos para consumo humano e adquiridos num talho). Algumas destas peças anatómicas foram previamente congeladas, ou sujeitas a diferentes condições e temperaturas. A estas e a outras em estado fresco foram infligidos traumatismos contundentes utilizando-se um dispositivo mecânico com pêndulo, especialmente desenvolvido para o efeito, sendo a carga exercida avaliada através de sensores colocados nos ossos.Nem todos os resultados foram os esperados: um osso fresco (portanto preservando as suas propriedades elásticas e plásticas) fracturou com uma força de 60N, enquanto outro cozido não fracturou a 130N.Após a indução dos traumatismos, os ossos frescos e congelados foram sujeitos a temperaturas de 900ºC, numa mufla, com o objectivo de observar as modificações e alterações nas características do osso. Nos ossos previamente fracturados, observámos fragmentação e alargamento/aumento das fissuras na zona traumatizada. Havendo mesmo dificuldade em distinguir as fracturas provocadas pelo mecanismo pendular e as provocadas pela acção do calor. Observámos também uma elevada perda da massa das peças ósseas, na ordem dos 70%, indício claro da desidratação provocada pelas altas temperaturas.

The purpose of this study is to observe the behavior of some factors to which a cadaver can be exposed, involving traumas and thermal-induced changes. It is an experimental study where, using animal models, it is intended to simulate the evolution of trauma in anatomical parts previously subjected to the action of different temperatures, as well as to evaluate its post-trauma behavior to other thermal-induced changes.The animal models were pig femurs (from animals slaughtered for human consumption and purchased in a butcher's shop). Some of these anatomical parts were previously frozen, or subjected to different conditions and temperatures. To these parts and others in fresh condition blunt injuries were inflicted using a specially designed mechanical device with a pendulum, where the load exerted was evaluated by sensors placed in the bones.Not all results were as expected: a fresh bone (thus preserving its elastic and plastic properties) fractured with a force of 60N, while another baked bone did not fracture at 130N.After trauma induction, fresh and frozen bones were subjected to temperatures of 900°C in a muffle, in order to observe changes in bone characteristics. In previously fractured bones, we observed fragmentation and enlargement / increase of fissures in the traumatized zone. It was difficult to distinguish fractures caused by the pendulum mechanism and those caused by the action of heat. We also observed a high loss of the mass of the bone pieces, about 70%, a clear indication of the dehydration caused by the high temperatures.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de Medicina

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Mecanismo Pendular, Tafonomia, Indução de Calor, Taphonomy, Forensic Anthropology, Traumatismos, Pendular Mechanism, Trauma, Heat Induction, Antropologia Forense

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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