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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2012
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas

Authors: Pereira, Marta Isabel de Correia;

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphomas

Abstract

O linfoma do tecido linfóide associado às mucosas (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, MALT) é um linfoma de células B indolente, da zona marginal extraganglionar, que se origina em MALT adquirido induzido nas mucosas com função de barreira, como parte de uma resposta imunitária adaptativa normal a um estímulo imunoinflamatório crónico, incluindo infecções por Helicobacter pylori, Borrelia burgdorferi e Chlamydophila psittaci e doenças autoimunes. Esta estimulação antigénica leva a uma hiperplasia linfóide; a aquisição de aberrações genéticas adicionais culmina na activação de vias intracelulares de sobrevivência, com progressão da doença por proliferação e resistência à apoptose. Enquanto os estádios precoces frequentemente regridem através da reversão terapêutica do estímulo imunológico crónico, a presença de anomalias genéticas imortalizantes ou de doença avançada requer uma abordagem mais agressiva que, actualmente, não é consensual. Este linfoma é uma neoplasia rara, com uma incidência mundial de 1-1.5 casos, por 105, por ano. Há descrições de linfomas MALT afectando praticamente todos os órgãos e sistemas, com uma variabilidade geográfica marcada, em parte atribuível à epidemiologia dos factores de risco subjacentes. As localizações mais raras, representando menos de 1% dos casos, podem ter incidências anuais tão baixas como 1 por 108, condicionando uma impossibilidade de recrutar séries de doentes representativas, para estudos epidemiológicos e ensaios clínicos robustos que sustentem decisões terapêuticas baseadas na evidência. Este artigo de revisão pretende actualizar o estado da arte do conhecimento sobre a etiopatogénese e oncobiologia desta neoplasia rara, ao mesmo tempo que sumariza os resultados clínicos mais recentes, para melhorar a evidência para a decisão clínica e optimizar a qualidade do tratamento do doente.

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is an indolent extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma, originating in acquired MALT that is induced in mucosal barriers as part of a normal adaptive immune response to a chronic immunoinflammatory stimulus, including infections by Helicobacter pylori, Borrelia burgdorferi and Chlamydophila psittaci and autoimmune diseases. This antigenic stimulation initially leads to lymphoid hyperplasia; the acquisition of additional genetic aberrations culminates in the activation of intracellular survival pathways, with disease progression due to proliferation and resistance to apoptosis. While early-stage disease can frequently regress through the therapeutic reversal of the chronic immune stimulus, the presence of immortalizing genetic abnormalities or of advanced disease requires a more aggressive approach which is, presently, not consensual. This lymphoma is a rare neoplasm, with a worldwide incidence of 1-1.5 cases per 105, per year. There are descriptions of MALT lymphomas affecting practically every organ and system, with a marked geographic variability partially attributable to the epidemiology of the underlying risk factors. The rarer locations, representing less than 1% of all cases, can have yearly incidences as low as 1 per 108, determining an inability to accrue representative series of patients for epidemiologic studies and robust clinical trials that could sustain informed evidence-based therapeutic decisions. The present review article aims to update the state of the art of knowledge regarding the ethiopathogenesis and oncobiology of this rare malignancy, while summarizing the latest clinical results, to improve the evidence for a clinical decision and optimize the quality of patient care.

Trabalho final de mestrado integrado em medicina área científica de Hematologia e Hemato-Oncologia, apresentado á Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Mucosa, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Helicobacter pylori, Linfoma de tecido linfóide associado a mucosa

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green