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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2012
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Asma grave na criança : abordagem terapêutica

Authors: Pita, Joana Sofia da Silva Gouveia Sousa;

Asma grave na criança : abordagem terapêutica

Abstract

Introdução A asma é definida actualmente como uma doença pulmonar inflamatória crónica, com uma prevalência crescente a nível mundial. As crianças com asma grave apresentam uma patologia heterogénea com intensa morbilidade, apesar do tratamento com corticosteróides inalados. Objectivos O trabalho proposto tem como objectivo uma revisão bibliográfica actualizada sobre o tratamento da asma grave na criança, considerando os aspectos epidemiológicos da asma, bem como a sua fisiopatologia, factores de risco, o seu diagnóstico e classificação, com particular incidência no seu tratamento. Metodologia Foi realizada uma pesquisa na base de dados PubMed e em bibliografia de relevo, nos últimos 7 anos, com selecção de artigos em Inglês, Espanhol e Português. Desta pesquisa obtivemos 339 resultados, dos quais seleccionamos 85 artigos. Desenvolvimento A asma é uma doença pulmonar inflamatória crónica, caracterizada por episódios recorrentes de tosse, pieira, dispneia, e sensação de opressão torácica. Afecta cerca de 300 milhões de pessoas a nível mundial, e em Portugal atinge cerca de 10% das crianças, com elevados custos a nível de cuidados de saúde, que aumentam na asma grave (atingindo cerca de 4% da população infantil). Para além da terapêutica farmacológica da asma se basear no uso de corticosteróides para controlo da inflamação, o conhecimento actual sobre os vários fenótipos clínicos e celulares, permite determinadas nuances terapêuticas, com o objectivo de melhorar o controlo desta doença. Em crianças atópicas, com asma grave e idade igual ou superior a 6 anos, o Omalizumabe, um anticorpo monoclonal recombinante humanizado, pode ser utilizado, permitindo o alcance do controlo da asma em situações difíceis. Conclusões Apesar de toda a informação disponível e avanço farmacológico, a asma permanece subdiagnosticada, subtratada e mal controlada em muitos casos. É importante fomentar a adesão à terapêutica e estabelecer estratégias a cumprir para que a asma permaneça controlada, sem perturbar as actividades diárias da criança. No controlo da asma persistente, os corticosteróides inalados são actualmente a terapêutica mais potente e eficaz, devendo ser administrada diariamente. Quando a asma permanece mal controlada apesar da terapêutica com doses elevadas de corticosteróides inalados, em doente comprovadamente atópicos, é possível adicionar o Omalizumabe à terapêutica, com bons resultados a nível clínico. Será importante estudar a segurança a longo prazo deste fármaco e qual o seu impacto na vida futura das crianças, nomeadamente a nível do custo-benefício.

Introduction Asthma is currently defined as a chronic inflammatory lung disease, with an increasing prevalence worldwide. Children with severe asthma have a heterogenous disease, with severe morbidity, despite treatment with inhaled corticosteroids. Objectives The aim of the proposed work is an updated literature review on the treatment of severe childhood asthma, considering the epidemiological aspects of asthma and its pathophysiology, risk factors, diagnosis and classification, with particular emphasis on its treatment. Methodology We performed a search in the PubMed database and in distinctive bibliography, in the last seven years, with a selection of articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese. The results of this research were 339 articles, from which we selected 85. Development Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease, characterized by recurrent episodes of cough, wheezing, dyspnea and chest tightness. It affects about 300 million people worldwide, affecting about 10% of children in Portugal, with high costs in terms of health care, which increase in severe asthma (affecting about 4% of children). Pharmacological treatment of asthma is mainly based on the use of corticosteroids to control inflammation, but current knowledge about the various cellular and clinical phenotypes, allows certain therapeutic nuances in order to improve the control of this disease. In atopic children with severe asthma and 6 or more years of age, Omalizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody, may be used, allowing the achievement of asthma control in difficult situations. Conclusions Despite all the available information and pharmacological advances, asthma remains underdiagnosed, undertreated and poorly controlled in many cases. It is important to encourage adherence to therapy and to establish strategies to achieve asthma control, so that it doesn’t disturb the child's daily activities. Inhaled corticosteroids are currently the most potent and effective therapy for the control of persistent asthma, and they should be administered daily. When asthma remains poorly controlled despite treatment with high doses of inhaled corticosteroids, in diagnosed atopic patients, it is possible to add the Omalizumab to current therapy, with good clinical results . It would be important to study the long-term safety of this drug, and its impact on the future of children, particularly in terms of cost-benefit

Trabalho final de mestrado integrado em Medicina área científica de Pneumologia, apresentada á Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Criança, Asma, Pneumologia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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