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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2011
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Prolactina - hormona pleiotrópica

Authors: Reis, Liliana Rafaela Teles;

Prolactina - hormona pleiotrópica

Abstract

A prolactina é uma hormona polipeptídica, sintetizada e segregada principalmente pelo lobo anterior da hipófise, por células especializadas designadas por lactotrofos. É também produzida em locais extra-hipofisários, como glândula mamária, placenta, útero, adipócitos e linfócitos T. Este trabalho de revisão bibliográfica tem como finalidade rever o conhecimento sobre a prolactina e o seu receptor, bem como as diversas funções e mecanismos associados a esta. O gene que codifica a proteína está localizado, em humanos, no cromossoma 6. A sua expressão é, sobretudo, inibida pela dopamina e estimulada pela hormona libertadora de tirotropina, ocitocina e polipeptídeo vasoactivo intestinal. Esta hormona liga-se a um único receptor de membrana, membro da superfamília de receptores de citocinas, exercendo a sua acção através da interacção com várias vias de sinalização, sendo a principal a Janus kinase 2-signal transducer and activator or transcription. Os receptores da prolactina são expressos em diversos tecidos e órgãos, como mama, hipófise, próstata, ovários, testículos, intestino, epiderme, ilhéus pancreáticos, cérebro e linfócitos. A acção mais frequentemente associada a esta hormona, e a que se deve o seu nome, é a iniciação e manutenção da lactação. Contudo, devido a esta ampla distribuição de receptores são conhecidas mais de 300 acções da prolactina em vários vertebrados, não representadas por este nome. Esta hormona tem um papel na reprodução, crescimento e desenvolvimento, osmorregulação, metabolismo, regulação imunitária, função cerebral, comportamento e angiogénese. Além destas, a prolactina pode estar envolvida no desenvolvimento de algumas doenças, como nos carcinomas da mama e da próstata, assim como em doenças auto-imunes.

Prolactin is a polypeptide hormone, synthesized and secreted mainly by the anterior pituitary lobe by specialized cells called lactotrophs. It is also produced in extra-pituitary sites, such as mammary gland, placenta, uterus, adipocytes and T lymphocytes. This literature review aims to review the knowledge of prolactin and its receptor, as well as the various functions and mechanisms associated with this. The gene encoding the protein it is located in humans on chromosome 6. Its expression is mainly inhibited by dopamine and stimulated by thyrotropin-releasing hormone, oxytocin and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide. This hormone binds to a single membrane receptor, a member of the superfamily of cytokine receptors, exerting its action through interaction with various signaling pathways, and the main Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator or transcription. Prolactin receptors are expressed in various tissues and organs such as breast, pituitary, prostate, ovaries, testes, intestine, skin, pancreatic islets, brain and lymphocytes. The action most commonly associated with this hormone, and which owes its name, is the initiation and maintenance of lactation. However, due to this wide distribution of receptors are known more than 300 actions of prolactin in various vertebrates, not represented by this name. This hormone plays a role in reproduction, growth and development, osmoregulation, metabolism, immune regulation, brain function, behavior and angiogenesis. Additionally, prolactin may be involved in the development of some diseases, such as breast and prostate cancers, as well as in autoimmune diseases

Trabalho final de mestrado integrado em Medicina área científica de Endocrinologia, apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Endocrinologia, Prolactina, Receptores da prolactina

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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Cancer Research