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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2012
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Dermatomiosite

Authors: Amorim, Isabel Cristina Ferreira;
Abstract

A dermatomiosite é uma doença inflamatória idiopática com envolvimento multissistémico. Trata-se de uma doença rara que tem um pico de incidência por volta dos quarenta anos nos adultos e entre os cinco e os catorze anos na criança. É duas vezes mais frequente no sexo feminino do que no masculino. A sua etiologia permanece desconhecida, mas há evidência de participação de uma reacção auto-imune com o contributo de factores extrínsecos em indivíduos geneticamente predispostos. As manifestações clínicas cutâneas incluem eritema facial em heliotropo, eritema do decote, pápulas de Gottron, telangiectasias periungueais, poiquilodermia e calcinose. A coexistência de fraqueza muscular, aumento dos níveis de creatina cinase e aldolase no plasma, mialgias, alterações miogénicas na electromiografia, anticorpos anti-Jo 1 positivos, artrite ou artralgias não destrutivas, sinais inflamatórios sistémicos e achados patológicos compatíveis com miosite inflamatória também contribuem para o diagnóstico. A dermatomiosite pode ser um fenómeno paraneoplásico com excepção da dermatomiosite juvenil. A frequência de doenças malignas em adultos com dermatomiosite varia de dez a cinquenta por cento. É frequente a dermatomiosite preceder o diagnóstico da neoplasia, o que exige uma monitorização e vigilância adequadas. As neoplasias mais frequentemente associadas são os carcinoma do ovário, gástrico, pulmão e linfomas. As variantes clínicas englobam não só a dermatomiosite juvenil, como também a forma amiopática, em que não se verifica envolvimento muscular, e as síndromes de sobreposição com outras doenças auto-imunes. O tratamento tem como objectivo melhorar a função e evitar a incapacidade. Engloba medidas não farmacológicas e farmacológicas tópicas (tais como, fisioterapia, fotoprotecção e corticóides tópicos) e terapêuticas farmacológicas sistémicas (nomeadamente, corticóides orais, imunossupressores e imunoglobulina humana polivalente intravenosa, entre outras). Os indicadores de mau prognóstico englobam a doença recalcitrante, idade avançada do doente, atraso no diagnóstico, coexistência de neoplasia, febre, astenia-anorexia, fibrose pulmonar intersticial, disfagia e leucocitose. Geralmente, a dermatomiosite juvenil tem melhor prognóstico do que a do adulto

Dermatomyositis is an idiopathic inflammatory disorder with multi-organic involvement. It is a rare disease with a peak incidence around the age of forty in adults and between five and fourteen in children. It is twice as common in females than in males. Its etiology remains unknown, but there is evidence of an autoimmune reaction with the contribution of extrinsic factors in genetically predisposed individuals. Clinical manifestations include heliotrope erythema, Gottron’s papules, periungueal telangiectasias, poikiloderma and calcinosis. The coexistence of muscle weakness, increased plasma levels of creatine kinase and aldolase, muscle pain, myogenic changes on electromyography, positive anti Jo-1 antibody, nondestructive arthritis or arthralgia, systemic inflammatory signs and pathological findings compatible with inflammatory myositis also contribute to diagnosis. Dermatomyositis may be a paraneoplastic phenomenon with the exception of juvenile dermatomyositis. The frequency of malignant disease in adults with dermatomyositis varies from ten to fifty percent. Usually dermatomyositis precedes the diagnosis of cancer, which requires an adequate monitoring and surveillance. Ovarian, gastric and lung carcinomas and lymphomas are the neoplasms most often associated. The clinical variants include not only the juvenile dermatomyositis, as well as the amyopathic dermatomyositis, in which there is no muscular involvement, and overlap syndromes with other autoimmune diseases. The treatment aims are improve function and prevent disability. Treatment modalities include non-pharmacological and topical therapies (such as physiotherapy, photoprotection and topical steroids), as well as systemic therapies (including oral corticosteroids, immunosuppressants and intravenous polyvalent human immunoglobulin among others). Indicators of poor prognosis include recalcitrant disease, advanced age of the patient, delay in diagnosis, coexisting neoplasm, fever, asthenia, anorexia, interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, dysphagia and leukocytosis. Generally, juvenile dermatomyositis has a better prognosis than the adult.

Trabalho final de mestrado integrado em Medicina área científica de Dermatologia, apresentado á Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

dermatomiosite induzida por fármacos, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, dermatomiosite, dermatomiosite juvenil, dermatomiosite amiopática, anticorpos anti-nucleares, fenómeno paraneoplásico

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
Related to Research communities
Cancer Research