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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2012
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Infertilidade masculina e factores ambientais

Authors: Duarte, André Filipe Marques;

Infertilidade masculina e factores ambientais

Abstract

Introdução A infertilidade é, nos nossos dias, um problema com que muitos casais se debatem. O factor masculino mostra uma incidência crescente e apresenta hoje um papel de relevo na génese dos casos de infertilidade. A função reprodutora masculina pode ser afectada negativamente por diversos factores: Genéticos, Endócrinos, Imunológicos e Ambientais. Objectivos O objectivo fundamental da minha revisão bibliográfica é abordar estes agentes agressores, explicitar os seus efeitos lesivos para o organismo humano, em particular para o sistema reprodutor masculino, e avaliar o seu impacto na função reprodutora masculina. Materiais e Métodos O método utilizado para a elaboração deste artigo consistiu numa extensa revisão de artigos científicos originais e de revisão na Pubmed/Medline (dos últimos 25 anos), em língua inglesa, usando os seguintes termos: infertility, male infertility, environmental factors, environmental disruptors, environmental risk factors and male fertility, occupational exposure, semen parameters, em várias combinações. Adicionalmente, foram consultados livros e sites especializados na área e relevantes para a temática. Desenvolvimento Os factores relacionados com o meio no qual estamos inseridos apresentam cada vez mais importância nesta problemática, representando uma séria ameaça à fertilidade masculina, tanto a nível do desenvolvimento das células germinativas masculinas, como na função testicular propriamente dita. Estão documentados inúmeros agentes químicos (pesticidas, álcool, tabaco, fármacos de uso diário, drogas ilícitas, solventes orgânicos, estrogénios ambientais e metais pesados) e físicos (calor, radiações não ionizantes e radiações ionizantes) tóxicos para a fertilidade masculina. Neste âmbito, estão a ser realizados estudos, observacionais em humanos, e experimentais com modelos animais, na tentativa de clarificar a acção destes agentes no organismo humano, em particular no sistema reprodutor masculino. Conclusões Os dados existentes até à data são algo controversos, não se podendo estabelecer uma relação inequívoca entre a presença destes agentes ambientais e o aparecimento da infertilidade masculina. Devido à elevada toxicidade destes agentes, não é possível a execução de estudos prospectivos em humanos, resultando a informação disponível de estudos retrospectivos, caso-controlo e coorte, apresentando algumas limitações. A informação resultante de estudos experimentais em animais é consistente. Porém, é difícil fazer uma extrapolação para o ser humano.

Introduction Infertility is, nowadays, a problem that many couples face. The male factor shows us an increasing incidence and it has currently a major role in the infertility genesis. The male reproductive function may be adversely affected by several factors: genetic, endocrine, immune and environmental. Objectives The fundamental purpose of my literature review is to address these damaging agents, explaining its harmful effects to the human body, particularly for the male reproductive system, and assess their impact on male reproductive function. Materials and methods The method used for the preparation of this article consisted in an extended review of original papers and reviewed articles in Pubmed/Medline (in the last 25 years) in English using the following terms: infertility, male infertility, environmental factors, environmental disruptors, environmental risk factors and male fertility, occupational exposure, semen parameters, in several combinations. In addition, there were some consultation books and websites specialized in this area and relevant to this topic. Evolvement Factors related to the environment in which we operate are steadily important among this problem, posing a serious threat to male fertility, both regarding the development of male germ cells, as well as in the testicular function properly said. There are scientifically stated numerous chemical agents (pesticides, alcohol, tobacco, drugs of daily use, illicit drugs, organic solvents, heavy metals and environmental estrogens) as well as physical ones (heat, non-ionizing radiation and ionizing radiation) that are toxic to male fertility. In this context, observational studies are being conducted, in humans and in experimental animal models in an attempt to clarify the action of these agents in humans, particularly in the male reproductive system. Conclusions Existing data presented until now are someway controversial, not being able to establish a clear link between these agents and the appearance of male infertility. Due to the high toxicity of these agents it is not possible to execute prospective studies in humans, so the available result information from retrospective studies, case-control and cohort presents some limitations. The information given from experimental animal studies is consistent, but it is difficult to extrapolate to humans.

Trabalho final de mestrado integrado em Medicina área cientifica de Urologia, apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Infertilidade masculina, Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Factores de risco, Urologia, Exposição ambiental

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green