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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2010
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Obesidade e diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Authors: Pinto, Cátia Sofia Pedrosa;

Obesidade e diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Abstract

A obesidade é geralmente definida como uma doença crónica em que o excesso de gordura corporal acumulada pode atingir graus capazes de afectar a saúde. Os doentes obesos não se diferenciam apenas na percentagem de excesso de peso, mas também na distribuição regional de tecido adiposo. Assim, o excesso de tecido adiposo, a sua distribuição e as consequências associadas à saúde, variam consideravelmente entre indivíduos obesos. O risco de efeitos adversos para a saúde é maior em indivíduos obesos, em que o excesso de tecido adiposo se encontra maioritariamente a nível abdominal. Assim, a medição do perímetro abdominal é um método simples e prático na identificação destes pacientes. Várias doenças crónicas estão associadas à obesidade, destacando-se doenças cardiovasculares, hipertensão arterial, diabetes mellitus tipo 2, certos tipos de cancro, doenças da vesícula biliar e hepáticas. A acumulação de tecido adiposo abdominal, bem como a obesidade por si só, estão associadas com o aumento do risco de intolerância à glicose e resistência à insulina, sendo este último, um dos factores fisiopatológicos implícitos no desenvolvimento de diabetes mellitus tipo 2, bem como, o défice na secreção de insulina pelo pâncreas. Não se conhece qual dos dois factores é primário, ainda que, a maioria dos autores considere que a resistência à insulina é primária e que a hipersecreção de insulina, para compensar essa resistência, acaba por "esgotar" a capacidade da célula ß pancreática, levando à hiperglicémia. Estudos sobre perda de peso em doentes obesos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 têm consistentemente demonstrado que uma diminuição de 10 a 20% do peso, resulta numa notável melhoria do controlo glicémico e da sensibilidade à insulina. Todavia, a perda de tecido adiposo abdominal, pode ser mais importante para a melhoria do doente diabético que, a perda de peso por si só.

Obesity is generally defined as a chronic disease in which excess body fat accumulated can reach levels that can affect health. The obese patients not only differ in the percentage of excess weight, but also in the regional distribution of adipose tissue. Thus, excess fat, its distribution and the associated health consequences, vary considerably between obese individuals. The risk of adverse effects on health is higher in obese individuals, in which excess fat is mainly the abdominal level. Thus, measurement of waist circumference is a simple and practical method to identify these patients. Many chronic diseases are associated with obesity, especially cardiovascular disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, certain types of cancer, gallbladder and liver. The accumulation of abdominal fat and obesity itself is associated with increased risk of glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, the latter being one of the pathophysiological factors implicit in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the deficit in insulin secretion by the pancreas. It is not known which of the two factors 4 is primary, although most authors consider that insulin resistance is primary and that the hypersecretion of insulin to compensate for the resistance, eventually "run out" the ability of pancreatic beta cells, leading to hyperglycemia. Studies of weight loss in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus have consistently shown that a decrease of 10 to 20% of weight, resulting in remarkable improvement of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity. However, the loss of abdominal fat may be more important for the improvement of the diabetic patient that weight loss alone.

Dissertação de mestrado em Medicina (Endocrinologia), apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra

Country
Portugal
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Keywords

Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Obesidade, Diabetes mellitus não-insulino dependente

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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