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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2014
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Processos Avançados de Electroquímica para Tratamento de Efluentes

Authors: Rodrigues, Raquel Ferreira;

Processos Avançados de Electroquímica para Tratamento de Efluentes

Abstract

A qualidade ambiental é cada vez mais uma preocupação presente no dia-a-dia da sociedade, tomando um lugar de destaque a diminuição da qualidade e quantidade da água. As águas residuais industriais, mais propriamente os efluentes de lagares de azeite caracterizados pela sua elevada carga poluente de difícil biodegradabilidade e toxicidade, requerem um tratamento alternativo aos processos convencionais. As suas propriedades impedem a utilização dos tratamentos biológicos uma vez que a presença de compostos recalcitrantes inibe os microrganismos responsáveis pela depuração. Assim surge a necessidade do desenvolvimento de processos mais eficazes como o caso do tratamento por eletrocoagulação. Neste processo utilizou-se um efluente simulado de lagares de azeite composto por seis ácidos fenólicos, sendo eles o ácido gálico, o trans-cinâmico, o 3,4-dihidroxibenzóico, o 3,4-dimetoxibenzóico, 3,4,5-trimetoxibenzóico e o 4-hidroxibenzóico. Estes ácidos são normalmente identificados na composição dos efluentes reais. No sistema de tratamento por eletrocoagulação e na sequência de estudos anteriores, o zinco foi utilizado como ânodo e o aço inoxidável como cátodo. As condições operatórias determinadas como ótimas neste processo foram as seguintes: o pH do efluente inicial igual a 3, a densidade de corrente a 250 A/m2, um espaçamento entre elétrodos de 1,0 cm e 1,5 g/L de NaCl adicionado inicialmente ao efluente para aumentar a condutividade do mesmo. Nestas condições conseguiram-se remoções de 84% para o TPh e de 40% para a CQO e um consumo energético de 40 kWh/m3. Aplicando os parâmetros operatórios otimizados nos estudos com o efluente sintético, a um efluente real de lagares de azeite obteve-se uma remoção de TPh e de CQO, na ordem dos 72% e 21%, respetivamente; com um consumo energético de 34 kWh/m3.

Environmental quality is a contemporary theme and a greatest emphasis is given to the decrease of quality and quantity of water availability. Industrial wastewaters, mainly olive mill effluents are characterized by high pollution load and toxicity, which are not suitable for the conventional treatment processes. These properties prevent the use of biological treatment since the presence of recalcitrant compounds inhibits the microorganisms’ action. Therefore, the development of more effective processes emerges as an alternative to the problem, for example through the use of the electrocoagulation process. In the present research, gallic, protocatechuic, transcinnamic, 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoic, veratric, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids were used as compounds in a simulated effluent of olive mill wastewaters. Zinc and stainless steel materials were used as anode and cathode electrodes, respectively. The optimal operation conditions obtained were: pH of the effluent – 3, current density – 250 A/m2, distance between electrodes – 1,0 cm and NaCl concentration – 1.5 g/L. Under these conditions were achieved 84% for TPh removal, 40% for COD removal and 40 kWh/m3 for energy consumption. Applying these operating conditions to a real olive mill effluent were attained 72% for TPh removal, 21% for COD removal, with an energy consumption of 34 kWh/m3.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Química apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

ácidos fenólicos, electrochemical processes, eléctrodo de zinco, electrocoagulation, electrocoagulação, zinc electrode, liquid effluents treatment, tratamento de efluentes líquidos, processos electroquímicos, phenolic acids

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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