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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2016
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Défice seletivo de imunoglobulina A

Authors: Costa, Pedro Miguel Nogueira;

Défice seletivo de imunoglobulina A

Abstract

O défice seletivo de imunoglobulina A (DSIgA) é a imunodeficiência primária de anticorpos mais prevalente. Foi descrita pela primeira vez em 1961 e caracteriza-se pela deficiência total ou absoluta de IgA (concentrações séricas inferiores a 0,07 g/L ou abaixo do limiar de deteção), na presença de níveis normais de IgG e IgM, em pacientes com mais de 4 anos de idade e em que tenham sido excluídas outras causas de hipogamaglobulinémia. Este distúrbio tem uma prevalência variável na população mundial, sendo mais frequente nos países ocidentais e muito mais rara nos países do Extremo Oriente. A sua etiologia é ainda desconhecida, embora existam associações a certos haplótipos HLA que parecem conferir um risco acrescido de desenvolver a doença. Clinicamente, manifesta-se com frequência por um quadro de infeções recorrentes do trato respiratório, mas também gastro-intestinal, genito-urinário, entre outros. Pode ainda apresentar manifestações clínicas de atopia e auto-imunidade, tendo sido também associada a uma maior frequência de doença oncológica. O diagnóstico é feito através do doseamento sérico das imunoglobulinas, que deverá ser acompanhado por um estudo laboratorial mais alargado e diferenciador, mas também imagiológico e possivelmente genético, em casos selecionados. O tratamento consiste, maioritariamente, na educação do doente e na profilaxia e tratamento atempado dos episódios infeciosos. Poderão surgir várias complicações no decorrer desta doença, e poderá ocorrer também uma evolução para imunodeficiência comum variável. O prognóstico e a qualidade de vida destes doentes está intrinsecamente ligado ao tipo e gravidade das manifestações clínicas, ao seu tratamento e a vários fatores demográficos e sociais. No final desta monografia, é descrito, resumidamente, um caso clínico ilustrativo da história natural e da evolução de um distúrbio pertencente ao espetro da doença em estudo.

Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (SIgAD) is the most common primary antibody immunodeficiency. It was first described in 1961 and it is characterized by a decreased or absent serum IgA (serum concentration below 0,07 g/L), in the presence of normal levels of IgG and IgM, in a patient older than 4 years old with other causes of hypogammaglobulinemia excluded. This disease has a variable prevalence in the world population: it is more frequent in the western countries and less prevalente in the East Asia. The etiology of SIgAD remains unknown, but associations have been noticed with certain HLA haplotypes that seem to confer a higher risk of developing the disease. Clinically, it commonly presents with recurrent infections of the respiratory tract, and also increased frequency of gastro-intestinal infections, genito-urinary infections, among others. It can also present clinical manifestations of atopy and auto-immunity and it has been increasingly associated with a higher frequency of malignancies. The diagnosis is established by the serum quantification of the immunoglobulins classes, and it might require other laboratory studies, imaging studies and, eventully, genetic studies in some selected cases. 3 The treatment includes patient’s education, infection prophylaxis and immediate treatment. Several complications might occur during the course of the disease, and some cases evolve to the more severe common variable immunodeficiency. The prognosis and the quality of life of SIgAD patients is intrinsically dependente on the the type and severity of the clinical manifestations, the treatment and prophylaxis of infections, the early recognition of complications and to demographic and social factors. Atthe end of this thesis, we shortly describe a clinical case that is illustrative of the natural course and evolution of SIgAD.

Trabalho final de mestrado integrado em Medicina área cientifica de Imunologia Clínica, apresentado á Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Domínio/Área Científica::Ciências Médicas, Imunoglobulinas, Imunoglobulina A

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green