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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2015
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Carcinoma basocelular e cirurgia micrográfica de Mohs

Authors: Costa, Marta Alexandra Matias da;

Carcinoma basocelular e cirurgia micrográfica de Mohs

Abstract

Introdução: O carcinoma basocelular é o tumor cutâneo mais comum nos caucasianos e representa cerca de 80 % de todas as neoplasias epiteliais da pele. É um tumor de crescimento lento que se localiza preferencialmente na cabeça e no pescoço. Raramente metastiza, mas pode causar uma morbilidade substancial. A sua incidência continua a aumentar verificando-se uma incidência de 100-200/100000 pessoas por ano na Europa. A cirurgia micrográfica de Mohs é uma técnica que minimiza o risco de recidiva e permite poupar o máximo de tecido viável e livre de tumor em redor e em profundidade à lesão. Nenhuma técnica, até hoje, se mostrou tão eficaz e com uma taxa de cura aos 5 anos tão elevada como a cirurgia de Mohs. Objetivos: Abordar de forma sucinta as principais características do carcinoma basocelular e seus subtipos. Abordar a cirurgia micrográfica de Mohs, quanto aos fundamentos técnicos, às suas aplicações e à sua eficácia comparando-a com os outros métodos de tratamento para o carcinoma basocelular, em particular, com a excisão cirúrgica convencional. Métodos: Foi realizada uma pesquisa exaustiva com enfâse na literatura mais recente, disponível na base de dados da PubMed e da ClinicalKey. Desenvolvimento: O carcinoma basocelular pode ser classificado quanto ao risco de recorrência (alto risco, risco intermédio e baixo risco). Os subtipos histológicos agressivos (infiltrativo, micronodular e morfeiforme), a dimensão, a má delimitação clínica e algumas localizações do tumor influem este risco. A cirurgia micrográfica de Mohs surgiu em 1941 e incorpora várias etapas: excisão da massa tumoral; resseção de uma fina camada de tecido para além da excisão tumoral; mapeamento do tecido excisado; preparação de cortes de congelação e observação das lâminas ao microscópio. As últimas etapas são repetidas até não haver mais tumor residual. As principais indicações da cirurgia de Mohs são os tumores que se originam em zonas de elevado risco, tumores de grande tamanho, tumores histologicamente agressivos, em casos de invasão tumoral profunda, tumores excisados de forma incompleta e tumores com bordos mal definidos. Comparando com a excisão cirúrgica convencional a cirurgia de Mohs apresenta uma taxa de cura mais elevada (97-99% para tumores basocelulares primários e 93-98% para tumores recorrentes aos 5 anos). Em caso de tumores recorrentes ou tumores primários agressivos, é mais morosa que a excisão convencional. Conclusão: A cirurgia micrográfica de Mohs, permitindo taxas de recidiva mais baixas, é o tratamento de eleição de carcinomas basocelulares agressivos e recorrentes. Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma is the most common skin cancer in Caucasians and represents about 80 % of all epithelial cancers of the skin. It is a slow-growing tumor that is located preferably in the head and neck. Rarely metastasizes, but can cause substantial morbidity. Its incidence continues to increase verifying an incidence of 100-200 / 100,000 people per year in Europe. The Mohs micrographic surgery is a technique that minimizes the risk of recurrence and saves as much as possible viable tumor-free tissue round and in-depth to injury. No technique, to date, proved so effective, with a cure rate at 5 years as high as Mohs surgery. Aim: Approach briefly the main features of basal cell carcinoma and their subtypes. Approach the Mohs micrographic surgery, regarding the technical fundamentals, its applications and its efficiency by comparing it with other methods of treatment for basal cell carcinoma, in particular with conventional surgical excision. Methods: An exhaustive review was performed based on the most recent literature available on PubMed and ClinicalKey database. Body: Basal cell carcinoma can be classified as the risk of recurrence (high risk, medium risk and low risk). The aggressive histologic subtypes (infiltrative, micronodular and morpheaform), the size, poor clinical delimitation and certain tumor locations influence this risk. The Mohs micrographic surgery emerged in 1941 and includes several steps: debulking of the tumor mass; resection of a thin layer of tissue beyond the debulking defect; mapping of the resected tissue; preparation of frozen sections and examination of the microscopic slides. The last steps are repeated until there is no more residual tumor. The main indications of Mohs surgery are tumors in high-risk areas, tumors of large size, histologically aggressive tumors, in cases of deep invasion, tumors excised incompletely and tumors with positive margins. Compared to the conventional surgical excision Mohs surgery has a higher cure rate (97-99% for primary basal cell tumors and 93-98% for recurrent tumors at 5 years follow up). In case of recurrent aggressive tumors or primary tumors, it is more time consuming than conventional excision. Conclusion: The surgical methods remain the gold standard in BCC treatment. Based on the fact that MMS provides the lowest recurrence rates, it is the treatment of first choice for primary facial BCCs with an aggressive histopathological subtype and for recurrent BCCs.

Trabalho final do 6º ano médico com vista à atribuição do grau de mestre (área científica de dermatologia) no âmbito do ciclo de estudos de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina.

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Keywords

Carcinoma basocelular, Cirurgia micrográfica de Mohs

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citations
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
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