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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2016
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Os incêndios na interface urbano-florestal em Portugal: uma análise de diagnóstico

Authors: Ribeiro, Luís Mário da Silva;

Os incêndios na interface urbano-florestal em Portugal: uma análise de diagnóstico

Abstract

O problema dos incêndios florestais na Interface Urbano Florestal (IUF) é crescente, não só em Portugal, mas nas várias regiões do Planeta onde os fogos tendem a coexistir, com uma frequência e severidade cada vez maiores, com a presença humana em habitações ou aglomerados urbanos. Alguns dos piores desastres relacionados com incêndios que envolvem perdas humanas são precisamente associados à chegada de fogo a zonas urbanas. Uma definição simples de IUF é o espaço físico onde a vegetação e as estruturas coexistem, num ambiente propício à ocorrência de incêndios. Em Portugal esta definição é aplicável a uma grande extensão do território. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma análise de diagnóstico e caracterização do problema em Portugal, apoiada numa metodologia baseada no uso de dados de acesso livre. Um catálogo para a identificação de situações IUF e o respetivo risco associado foi a base para esta avaliação. Este catálogo, adaptado de bibliografia publicada, pretende ser representativo de Portugal e permite, de uma maneira expedita e precisa, identificar e classificar situações de IUF comparando casos reais com uma chave fotográfica intuitiva. Esta chave associa uma classe de risco a cada situação tipo de IUF, de 1 (baixo) a 4 (muito alto). O catálogo de situações IUF é dividido em três grupos, de acordo com o principal uso da terra onde os edifícios são localizados: floresta, mato e mosaico agroflorestal. No total, 20 situações diferentes compõem os três grupos do catálogo. O trabalho consistiu numa análise individual de cada um dos distritos. Um valor de presença para cada situação do catálogo foi atribuído, de 0 (não significativa) a 3 (muito frequente). Os resultados foram associados a outra informação relevante (e.g., uso da terra, demografia, incêndios) a fim de realizar uma análise individual para cada distrito, produzindo um mapa de risco na IUF a nível distrital.

The problem of forest fires in the Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) is a growing issue not only in Portugal but worldwide where fires tend to coexist, with increasing frequency and danger, with human presence in dwellings or settlements. Some of the worst wildfire disasters involving human losses are precisely associated with the approach of fire to settlements, as was the case of Greece in 2007 or Australia in 2009. A simple definition of WUI is the physical space where vegetation and structures coexist in a fire prone environment. In Portugal this is applicable to a large extension of the territory. The present work aims to present a diagnostic analysis and characterization of the problem in Portugal, with a methodology based on the use of free data sources. A catalogue for the identification of WUI situations and the respective associated risk was the basis for the assessment. This catalogue, that was adapted from published bibliography, aims to be representative of Portugal, and it allows a fast and precise way to identify WUI situations comparing real cases to an intuitive photographic key. This photographic key associates a risk class to each WUI typology, from 1 (low) to 4 (very high). The catalogue of WUI situations is divided into 3 groups, according to the main land use where buildings are established: A) forests, B) shrub lands and C) agro-forestry. In total 20 different situations compose the 3 groups of the catalogue. The work consisted of an individual analysis of each of the districts. A value of presence for each situation of the catalogue was attributed, from 0 (non-significant) to 3 (very frequent). The results were then merged with other relevant information (land use, demographics, fires…) in order to perform an individual analysis for each district, producing a WUI risk map at district level.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Dinâmicas Sociais, Riscos Naturais e Tecnológicos apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Chave fotográfica, Avaliação de risco, Domínio/Área Científica::Engenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Mecânica, Fogos florestais

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green