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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2016
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Análise comparativa dos perfis morfológicos e de libertação em implantes oculares de acetazolamida praparados por electrospinning

Authors: Morais, Mariana Rodrigues;

Análise comparativa dos perfis morfológicos e de libertação em implantes oculares de acetazolamida praparados por electrospinning

Abstract

A deficiência visual que muitas vezes leva à cegueira está entre as doenças que causam maior taxa de morbidade. Os erros refrativos, o glaucoma, as cataratas e as infeções são alguns exemplos. O objetivo deste trabalho é criar um implante biodegradável obtido a partir de fibras coaxiais contendo o fármaco disperso – acetazolamida. O implante será inserido no segmento posterior do globo ocular do doente em contexto de cirurgia de ambulatório e o fármaco será libertado gradualmente, não necessitando de injeções periódicas, ao contrário das injeções intravítreas de esteroides. Durante este trabalho desenvolveram-se, em primeiro lugar, implantes sem revestimento, compostos por membranas fibrosas produzidas por electrospinning e enroladas na forma de pequenos cilindros. O fármaco foi imobilizado no interior das fibras durante a sua preparação, sendo estas fibras compostas por PCL (policaprolactona) e lutrol F127 (poli (oxietileno-b-oxipropileno-b-oxietileno)). Produziram-se fibras com uma estrutura uniaxial (compostas pela mistura de PCL, lutrol F127 e acetazolamida) e com uma estrutura coaxial (com um núcleo de lutrol F127 com acetazolamida e um revestimento de PCL). Os implantes preparados apresentaram uma velocidade de libertação de fármaco muito rápida, o que levou à preparação de novos implantes, incorporando as mesmas formulações que os primeiros, mas com a adição de um filme de revestimento, preparado por solvent casting e composto por PCL e lutrol F127 ou por PCL e luwax EVA 3 (poli (etileno-co-acetato de vinilo)). Os implantes e os seus constituintes (membranas fibrosas e filmes de revestimento) foram caracterizados por várias técnicas, tais como: SEM, FTIR-ATR, análise térmica simultânea e determinação de ângulos de contacto. Adicionalmente, procedeu-se à obtenção dos perfis de libertação in vitro da acetazolamida, em PBS e a 37ºC, utilizando um método espetrofotométrico para quantificar o fármaco libertado ao longo do tempo. Os resultados mostraram que o perfil de libertação da acetazolamida a partir dos implantes com revestimento é consideravelmente mais lenta e gradual, dado que estes sistemas apresentam uma barreira adicional à difusão do fármaco. No caso do revestimento contendo lutrol F127, polímero hidrofílico, ocorreu intumescimento do revestimento diminuindo a taxa de libertação do fármaco. No que se refere ao revestimento contendo luwax EVA 3, polímero hidrofóbico, a sua degradação por erosão permitiu diminuir a taxa de libertação do fármaco.

The visual impairment that often leads to blindness is among the diseases that cause higher morbidity rate. Refractive errors, glaucoma, cataracts and infections are some examples. The objective of this work is to create a biodegradable implant obtained from coaxial fibers containing the dispersed drug - acetazolamide. The implant is inserted into the posterior segment of the eye globe in the patient in ambulatory surgery context and the drug is released gradually, not requiring periodic injections, unlike intravitreal steroids injections. During this work uncoated implants were developed at first, they were composed of fibrous membranes produced by electrospinning and rolled in the shape of small cylinders. The drug was immobilized inside the fibers during their preparation and these fibers were composed of PCL (polycaprolactone) and lutrol F127 (poly (oxyethylene-b-oxypropylene-boxyethylene)). Fibers were produced with a uniaxial structure (consisting of the mixture of PCL, lutrol F127 and acetazolamide) and with a coaxial structure (lutrol F127 and acetazolamide as core and PCL as shell). The prepared implants exhibited a fast rate of drug release, which led to the preparation of new implants incorporating the same formulation as the first but with an additional coating film prepared by solvent casting and comprising PCL and lutrol F127 or PCL and luwax EVA 3 (poly (ethylene-co-vinyl acetate)). Implants and their constituents (fibrous membranes and coating films) were characterized by various techniques, such as: SEM, FTIR-ATR, simultaneous thermal analysis and determination of contact angles. In addition, in vitro release profiles of acetazolamide were obtained in PBS at 37° C using a spectrophotometric method for quantifying the drug released over time. The results have showed that the release profile of the acetazolamide of coated implant is considerably slower and more gradual, since the drug has to penetrate an additional barrier. In case of coating containing lutrol F127, an hydrophilic polymer, the swelling of the coating led to a slow rate of drug release. In what concerns the coating containing luwax EVA 3, an hydrophobic polymer, its degradation by erosion allowed a slow rate of drug release.

Dissertação de mestrado em Tecnologias do Medicamento, apresentada à Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Coimbra

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Administração oftálmica, Acetazolamida, Implantes absorvíveis, Tecnologia farmacêutica, Sistemas de libertação de medicamentos, Implantes de medicamentos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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