Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Estudo Geralarrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2016
Data sources: Estudo Geral
addClaim

Anticorpos monoclonais e a sua aplicação em hemato-oncologia

Authors: Cordeiro, Filipa Fernandes;

Anticorpos monoclonais e a sua aplicação em hemato-oncologia

Abstract

A quimioterapia convencional tem sido o suporte do tratamento em oncologia, contudo apresenta algumas limitações, nomeadamente existência de toxicidade significativa associada e o desenvolvimento de resistências. De forma a colmatar estes efeitos indesejáveis, a investigação científica procurou, durante décadas, agentes farmacológicos que apresentassem, idealmente, um mecanismo de ação mais específico contra as células tumorais. O tratamento em hemato-oncologia tem sido considerado um exemplo na abordagem terapêutica de diferentes doenças neoplásicas, exemplo que se mantém no âmbito da terapêutica dirigida e particularmente nos tratamentos com anticorpos monoclonais. Os anticorpos monoclonais terapêuticos (mAbs), pertencentes ao grupo de terapêuticas dirigidas, são imunoglobulinas que se ligam seletivamente a antigénios tumorais e desencadeiam respostas terapêuticas específicas e eficazes, poupando paralelamente os tecidos celulares normais. Em 1997, o rituximab, tornou-se o primeiro mAb aprovado para o tratamento de Linfomas Não-Hodgkin (LNH) de células B. Este foi um grande marco na história da terapêutica em hematologia e um fator impulsionador para a investigação de outros mAbs que têm sido essenciais nos esquemas de tratamento atuais, da maioria das neoplasias hematológicas. Os mecanismos de ação destes agentes farmacológicos são variados e, dependendo do anticorpo monoclonal, podem contemplar a estimulação das vias de sinalização da apoptose, o bloqueio da função das moléculas ou recetores das vias de sinalização alvo envolvidas na proliferação e/ou diferenciação, o transporte de citotóxicos à célula tumoral alvo, a citotoxicidade celular dependente de anticorpos (ADCC) e a citotoxicidade dependente de complemento (CDC). O objetivo deste trabalho é reunir os conhecimentos disponíveis na literatura acerca de anticorpos monoclonais, contemplando a sua evolução, mecanismos de ação, identificação dos principais mAbs utilizados em hematologia, as suas aplicações terapêuticas, efeitos secundários e perspetivas futuras desta classe farmacológica. Conventional chemotherapy has been the backbone of treatments in oncology. It does have some limitations though, particularly when it comes to its significant toxicity and the development of drug resistances. In order to overcome its undesirable effects, scientific research has searched for pharmacological agents, which ideally could present a more specific targeting against tumor cells. The treatment of hematologic malignancies has been a forerunner to the medical management of neoplastic disorders in general. Hence, it is not surprising that even in the area of targeted therapy, the treatment of these malignancies remains at the forefront of ongoing research about monoclonal antibodies. The therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), a main type of targeted therapy, are immunoglobulins, which selectively target tumor cells by binding tumor - specific surface antigens, allowing specific and effective anticancer therapy while relatively sparing normal tissues. In 1997, rituximab became the first mAb approved for the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL). This approval was a major breakthrough in the history of the treatments in hematology and was essential to further investigations about other therapeutic mAbs which are used in the current treatment regimens of most hematologic malignancies. Monoclonal antibodies exert their anticancer effects through a variety of mechanisms: by stimulating the signaling pathways of apoptosis, by blocking the function of target molecules or receptors and their signaling pathways involved in proliferation and/or differentiation, by transporting cytotoxic substances to the target tumor cells, and last but not least by using antibody dependent cell cellular citotoxicity (ADCC) and complement mediated cytotoxicity (CDC). The objective of this document is to gather knowledge currently available in the literature about monoclonal antibodies, their evolution, and mechanisms of action. Identify the main monoclonal antibodies used in hematology, the respective therapeutic use, side effects and general future prospects of these therapeutic agents.

Trabalho final do 6º ano médico com vista à atribuição do grau de mestre (área científica de hematologia) no âmbito do ciclo de estudos de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Hemato-oncologia, Imunoglobulinas, Terapêuticas dirigidas, Antigénios, Anticorpos monoclonais, Rituximab

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
Related to Research communities
Cancer Research