Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Estudo Geralarrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2016
Data sources: Estudo Geral
addClaim

Papel do HPV e cofatores no cancro do colo do útero

Authors: Peixoto, Cidália Luísa Gomes;

Papel do HPV e cofatores no cancro do colo do útero

Abstract

O papel do Vírus do Papiloma Humano (HPV) na etiopatogenia do cancro do colo do útero (CCU) está bem estabelecido. Sabe-se que a infeção por este vírus é necessária mas não suficiente por si só, existindo cofatores na carcinogénese cervical. Este artigo consiste numa revisão da literatura médica sobre o HPV e os seus cofatores. Os principais objetivos foram compreender a estrutura e o ciclo de vida do HPV; descrever o seu papel na carcinogénese cervical; descrever os cofatores da infeção por HPV, o seu peso no desenvolvimento do CCU e os mecanismos pelos quais influenciam a progressão da infeção pelo HPV para cancro. O tabaco é um cofator bem estabelecido, sabendo-se que interfere em todas as fases da carcinogénese. Contudo, o seu mecanismo de ação ainda não é bem conhecido, supondo-se que tenha um efeito simultaneamente imunodepressor e genotóxico. O uso de contraceção hormonal combinada por via oral, principalmente se superior a 5 anos, parece aumentar o risco de CCU e a suspensão do contracetivo tem um efeito benéfico. Este cofator aumenta a exposição da zona de transição e influencia a imunidade local. O papel da gravidez na progressão das lesões parece ser mínimo. Todavia, parece existir um aumento do risco de CCU com a multiparidade. As alterações hormonais e imunológicas próprias da gravidez bem como o trauma do colo do útero aquando do parto podem estar envolvidas no mecanismo. As mulheres com imunossupressão, quer iatrogénica, quer por patologias autoimunes ou pelo Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana/ Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida (VIH/SIDA) têm também um risco aumentado de lesões pré-malignas e CCU. Nestas doentes poderá haver uma infeção latente que se torna ativa ou, por outro lado, comprometimento da capacidade daquelas eliminarem uma nova infeção. A coinfeção por outros agentes sexualmente transmissíveis, como a Chlamydia trachomatis e o Herpes simplex vírus 2, aumentará o risco uma vez que promovem a inflamação crónica do colo do útero. Por último, os cofatores genéticos ainda não são bem conhecidos, supondo-se que terão um papel na imunidade. Em suma, existem cofatores da infeção por HPV com um papel preponderante no aparecimento de cancro do colo do útero. O conhecimento destes cofatores permitirá compreender melhor a evolução da infeção pelo HPV numa determinada mulher, possibilitando uma vigilância mais atenta e direcionada.

The role of Human papillomavirus (HPV) in the etiopathogeny of cervical cancer (CC) is well established. It is known that infection by this virus is necessary but not sufficient. There are HPV cofactors in cervical carcinogenesis. This article consists on a medical literature review on HPV and its cofactors. The main objectives were to understand the structure and life cycle of HPV; describe its role in cervical carcinogenesis; describe HPV infection cofactors, its weight in the development of CC and the mechanisms by which they influence the progression of HPV infection to cancer. Tobacco is a well-established cofactor. It interferes in all stages of carcinogenesis. However, the mechanism of action is still not well known, assuming that has an immunosuppressant and genotoxic effect simultaneously. The use of combined hormonal contraception orally, especially if more than 5 years, appears to increase the risk of CC and the suspension of the contraceptive has a beneficial effect. This cofactor increases the exposure of the transition zone and influences local immunity. The role of pregnancy on progression of lesions appears to be minimal. However it seems to occur an increased risk of CC with multiparous. The hormonal and immunological changes of pregnancy and cervical trauma during birth may be involved in the mechanism. Women with immunosuppression by iatrogeny, autoimmune diseases or Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) also have a risk of premalignant lesions and CC. In these patients there may be a latent infection which becomes active or, on the other hand, the capacity of eliminating a new infection is compromised. Coinfection with other sexually transmitted agents, such as Chlamydia trachomatis and herpes simplex virus 2, will also increase the risk, since these infections will promote chronic inflammation of the cervix. Finally, there are genetic cofactors, however, aren´t well known. They probably have a role in immunity. In summary, there are HPV infection cofactors and they have a role in genesis of cervical cancer. The knowledge of these cofactors may allow better understand of the evolution of HPV infection in a given woman, providing a closer and targeted surveillance.

Trabalho final do 6º Ano Médico com vista à atribuição do grau de mestre no âmbito do ciclo de Estudos de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

HPV, Cofatores, Imunosupressão, Tabaco, Paridade, Carcinogénese, Coinfeção, Neoplasias do colo do útero, Contraceção

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
Related to Research communities
Cancer Research