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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2014
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Etiologia da tontura no idoso : uma perspetiva multifatorial

Authors: Bernardes, João Filipe Pedrosa;

Etiologia da tontura no idoso : uma perspetiva multifatorial

Abstract

Objetivo: Avaliar de uma forma multifatorial a etiologia da tontura no idoso, explorando as patologias mais frequentes que a provocam, os factores de risco associados e as alterações que o processo do envelhecimento humano condicionam nos sistemas orgânicos associados à tontura. Material e Métodos: Realização de uma revisão sistemática da literatura médica utilizando o modelo de organização da evidência médica de 5S (sistemas, sumários, sinopses, sínteses e estudos) desenvolvido por Haynes , cruzando as palavras chave “dizziness” “presbyvertigo” com “geriatrics” . Resultados: Obtiveram-se 595 artigos, tendo-se selecionado 25 com base no cumprimento dos critérios de inclusão previamente estabelecidos e na sua relevância em relação aos objetivos da revisão. Relativamente aos fatores de risco, verificou-se uma forte associação da tontura com a polimedicação, polipatologia crónica, sintomas depressivos, ansiedade e disfunção sensorial. Em relação às causas específicas de tontura, nos estudos realizados nos cuidados primários observou-se uma maior prevalência das patologias cardiovasculares como a hipersensibilidade do seio carotídeo, a síncope vaso-vagal e a hipotensão ortostática; nos cuidados secundários e terciários predominaram as patologias vestibulares, e de forma particular, a Vertigem Posicional Paroxística Benigna ; em relação à disfunção orgânica associada ao envelhecimento foram observadas alterações tanto quantitativas (diminuição do número de células nervosas, sensoriais e de suporte) como qualitativas (alterações das estruturas celulares, do microambiente e da vascularização) em todos os sistemas responsáveis pela tontura (vestibular, propriocetivo, visual, musculoesquelético, e mecanismos de integração central da informação) . Conclusão: Uma abordagem eficientemente e bem sucedida do idoso com tontura só é possível através da exploração deste conceito nas suas diferentes dimensões, desde a pesquisa de patologias específicas, à procura e tratamento dos diversos fatores de risco associados à tontura.

Objective: To investigate the dizziness etiology in a multifactorial perspective, exploring which diseases are related to it most, the risk factors associated with and the human aging degenerative changes that affect the body systems linked with the dizziness onset. Material and Methods: A medical literature systematic review was performed using the 5S medicine evidence-based organization model (systems, summaries, synopses, syntheses, studies) developed by Haynes, crossing the keywords “dizziness” and “presbyvertigo” with “geriatrics”. Results: A total of 595 articles were retrieved, from which were selected 30 based in the inclusion criteria fulfillment and its accordance to the revision objetives. Regarding the risk factors, a strong association was observed between dizziness and depressive symptoms, anxiety, polymedication, multi-diseases and sensorial dysfunction. Concerning specific dizziness causes, the primary-care based studies revealed a greater prevalence of cardiovascular diseases such as the Carotid Sinus Hypersensitivity, Vasovagal Syncope and Orthostatic Hypotension; the secondary and tertiary-care based studies showed a marked predominance of vestibular diseases, with a clear ascendancy of the Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo; concerning the age related dysfunction, it was found either quantitive (decline in the number of neurons, sensorial and support cells) and quality (cell structure, microenvironment and vascularization) changes in the systems associated with dizziness (vestibular, proprioceptive, visual, musculoskeletal and central integration mechanisms). Conclusion: The success of the geriatric patients management that suffers from dizziness, is based in the exploration of its different perspectives, from the search of a specific disease to the investigation and treatment of the distinctive risk factors associated with dizziness.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Factores de risco, Envelhecimento, Idoso, Etiologia, Tontura

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green