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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2010
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Meningite bacteriana pós-traumática em idade pediátrica

Authors: Santos, Sara Figueiredo;

Meningite bacteriana pós-traumática em idade pediátrica

Abstract

Introdução: O traumatismo crânio-encefálico é um motivo frequente de observação nos serviços de urgência pediátrica. Nos casos mais graves, com fractura da base do crânio, a meningite bacteriana é uma complicação séria e potencialmente fatal a considerar. Objectivo: Caracterizar os aspectos clínicos, laboratoriais, microbiológicos e evolução das crianças com o diagnóstico de meningite bacteriana pós-traumática, bem como a proporção de meningites na população que sofreu traumatismo crânio-encefálico. Material e métodos: Revisão dos processos clínicos das crianças com este diagnóstico, admitidas num hospital de nível 3 da Região Centro de Portugal, contextualizada no levantamento do número de traumatismos crânio-encefálicos, de fracturas e de fístulas de líquido cefalo-raquidiano, durante um período de 11 anos (Janeiro de 1999 a Dezembro de 2009). Resultados: Foram identificadas quatro crianças com meningite bacteriana pós-traumática, correspondendo a 0,7% das crianças com fractura do crânio, a 4,1% das que apresentavam fractura da base e a 13,8% daquelas em que foi documentada fístula de líquido cefaloraquidiano. Três eram do sexo masculino, com mediana de idade de 8 anos (2 - 10 anos). O tempo decorrido entre o traumatismo crânio-encefálico e o diagnóstico de meningite bacteriana teve mediana de 1,1 anos (3 dias - 3,4 anos). Em todos os casos foi documentada fractura da base do crânio e existência de fístula de líquido cefalo-raquidiano. Duas crianças foram submetidas a intervenção neurocirúrgica. Streptococcus pneumoniae foi o gérmen identificado no líquido cefalo-raquidiano nos dois casos com cultura positiva. Uma criança faleceu e outra apresentou paralisia facial periférica pós-traumática. Conclusões: A meningite bacteriana é uma complicação a ter em conta no traumatismo crânio-encefálico com fractura da base do crânio, sobretudo se estiver associado a fístula de líquido cefalo-raquidiano, mesmo tendo o traumatismo ocorrido vários anos antes. Trata-se, habitualmente, de uma situação grave. Uma criança faleceu. À semelhança do que está descrito, S. pneumoniae foi o gérmen mais frequente, pelo que crianças com TCE e fístula de líquido cefalo-raquidiano devem receber a vacina anti-pneumocócica. O seguimento destas crianças exige uma vigilância constante e deve incluir uma avaliação multidisciplinar

emergency services. In severe cases, with basilar skull fracture, bacterial meningitis is a serious and potentially fatal complication to be considered. Objective: To describe clinical and laboratory features, bacteriology and outcome of children with post-traumatic meningitis, and evaluate the proportion of meningitis in the population who suffered head trauma. Methods and materials: Retrospective review of medical records of children with this diagnosis admitted to a level 3 pediatric hospital in the Central Region of Portugal, contextualized in the evaluation of the number of head injuries, fractures and cerebrospinal fluid leakages, during a 11-year period (January 1999 to December 2009). Results: Four children were identified, corresponding to 0,7% of the children with skull fractures, 4,1% of children with basilar skull fractures and 13,8% of those with documented cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Three were boys, with a median age of 8 years (2 – 10 years). The median time between head trauma and meningitis was 1,1 years (3 days - 3,4 years). In all cases a basilar skull fracture was identified and cerebrospinal fluid leakage documented. Two children required surgery. Streptococcus pneumoniae was the pathogen identified in two cases with positive cerebrospinal fluid culture. One child died and other has post-traumatic peripheral facial palsy. Conclusions: Bacterial meningitis is a complication to be considered in head injury with basilar skull fracture, particularly when associated with cerebrospinal fluid leakage, even though the injury occurred several years earlier, and is usually a serious condition. One of our children died. Similar to what is described, S. pneumoniae was the most common bacteria, and this fact supports that children with head trauma and cerebrospinal fluid leakage should receive pneumococcal vaccine. The follow-up of these children requires constant vigilance and should include a multidisciplinary approach.

Trabalho final de mestrado integrado em Medicina (Pediatria), apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra

Country
Portugal
Keywords

Traumatismo crânio-encefálico, Criança, Meningite bacteriana

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green