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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2015
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Relação entre presbiacusia e perda cognitiva: revisão da literatura

Authors: Figueiredo, Ana Carolina Rodrigues;

Relação entre presbiacusia e perda cognitiva: revisão da literatura

Abstract

A presbiacusia caracteriza-se por uma deterioração da capacidade auditiva que ocorre de forma progressiva com o avançar da idade. Apesar de muitas vezes desprezada, as suas implicações são profundas uma vez que compromete a interação com o mundo envolvente e muito especialmente a compreensão da fala, podendo conduzir ao isolamento social com todas as suas consequências, entre as quais um declínio da função cognitiva. Os dados disponíveis na literatura suportam uma forte relação entre a perda de audição e o declínio cognitivo na população idosa, apresentando os indivíduos com perda auditiva um risco de desenvolver défice cognitivo superior em 24% aos indivíduos com audição preservada, estando a magnitude desta associação linearmente relacionada com a gravidade do défice auditivo basal. Verifica-se uma relação entre o grau de défice auditivo e o risco de demência, sendo este duas, três e cinco vezes maior consoante a perda de audição é leve, moderada e severa, respetivamente. Apesar de não estar perfeitamente definida qual a causa desta associação, as hipóteses mais aceites baseiam-se no isolamento social e no aumento da carga cognitiva, em que mais recursos precisam de ser despendidos para que haja uma correta integração e perceção destes, fazendo com que outras áreas, como a memória, sejam prejudicadas. Pode assim concluir-se que a perda de audição relacionada com a idade deve ser considerada um fator de risco para a aceleração do declínio cognitivo, tornando de importância capital um diagnóstico e tratamento o mais precoces possível.

Presbycusis is characterized by a deterioration of hearing ability that occurs progressively with advancing age. Although often overlooked, the implications are profound as it compromises the interaction with the environment and, most particularly, speech understanding, and can lead to social isolation with all its consequences, including a decline in cognitive function. The available data in the literature support a strong relationship between hearing loss and cognitive decline in the elderly population, with individuals with hearing loss presenting a risk of developing cognitive impairment 24% higher than individuals with preserved hearing, with the magnitude of this association linearly related to the severity of baseline hearing impairment. There is a relationship between the degree of hearing impairment and the risk of dementia, which is two, three and five times higher depending on the hearing loss being mild, moderate and severe, respectively. Although not being clearly defined the cause of this association, the most accepted hypothesis is based on social isolation and increased cognitive load. This means that more resources need to be expended in order to achieve a proper integration and perception of these stimuli, making that other areas, such as memory, are impaired. It can thus be concluded that age-related hearing loss should be considered a risk factor for accelerated cognitive decline, making of primary importance its diagnosis and treatment as early as possible.

Trabalho final de mestrado integrado em Medicina (Otorrinolaringologia), apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Perda cognitiva, Presbiacusia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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