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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2015
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Micronutrientes na prevenção da doença no idoso

Authors: Jesus, Bianca Raquel Teixeira de;

Micronutrientes na prevenção da doença no idoso

Abstract

The progressive aging of the population is a global phenomenon. About 80% of the elderly population has one or more chronic diseases and the cognitive decline is a common phenomenon which increases with age. Several studies have shown the relationship of micronutrients with these issues, particularly, in its pathogenesis, evolution, treatment and prevention. This revision aimed to identify some micronutrients and probable action mechanisms involved in preventing cancer, cardiovascular diseases, cognitive decline and evaluate the existence of supplementation benefits of these micronutrients on the elderly’s diet. It was proposed that in relation to cancer the vitamin A acts as a tumor suppressor and may be associated with an increased risk of lung and stomach cancer. As for the folic acid and the vitamins B6 and B12 it was suggested to present themselves as having a carcinogenic potential and the results between the relationship of the folic acid and its supplementation and the risk of breast cancer have been inconclusive and it weren't statistically significant for the vitamins B6 and B12. The outcomes of the supplementation effect of vitamins A, B, C and D in cardiovascular diseases were inconclusive, and there was not consensus on the relationship between the vitamins A, B and C and the risk of emergence of these diseases. In relation to the calcium supplementation, the results were inconclusive regarding its preventive potential in cardiovascular diseases, however, the ingestion of low-doses was suggested as being beneficial in monitoring the sistolic and diastolic blood pressure. Studies have suggested that the zinc plasma levels are related to the improvement of cognitive function, suggesting a possible role in the pathogenesis of the Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies indicate that low selenium levels can be associated with higher mortality and decline in the cognitive function. Studies have indicated the role of iron in neurodegenerative process and suggested that the increase in the free iron brain may be responsible for the neuronal degradation. Studies have established a link between the low levels of folic acid with the cognitive decline and this evidence has not been verified for the B6 and B12 vitamins. They have also verified that the supplementation with folic acid influences the cognitive performance, although with the B12 vitamin this influence does not exist. Studies have indicated that the vitamins C and E show neuromodelator activity when the plasma levels are low they are associated to a higher risk of cognitive decline.

O envelhecimento progressivo da população é um fenómeno mundial. Cerca de 80% da população idosa tem uma ou mais doenças crónicas e o declínio cognitivo é um fenómeno frequente que aumenta ao longo da idade. Vários estudos demonstraram a relação dos micronutrientes com estas problemáticas, nomeadamente, na sua patogénese, evolução, tratamento e prevenção. Esta revisão teve como objetivos, identificar alguns micronutrientes e prováveis mecanismos de ação envolvidos na prevenção do cancro, das doenças cardiovasculares e do declínio cognitivo e avaliar a existência de benefícios da suplementação destes micronutrientes na dieta do idoso. Propôs-se que em relação ao cancro, a vitamina A atue como supressor tumoral, podendo estar relacionada com um maior risco de cancro do pulmão e do estômago. Quanto ao ácido fólico e às vitaminas B6 e B12 sugeriu-se apresentarem um potencial carcinogénico e os resultados da relação entre a sua suplementação e o risco de cancro da mama não foram conclusivos para o ácido fólico e não foram estatisticamente significativos para as vitaminas B6 e B12. Os resultados dos estudos relativos ao efeito da suplementação das vitaminas A, B, C e D nas doenças cardiovasculares foram inconclusivos e não houve consenso quanto à relação entre as vitaminas A, B e C e o risco de surgimento destas doenças. Relativamente à suplementação com cálcio, os resultados foram inconclusivos, quanto ao seu potencial preventivo nas doenças cardiovasculares, no entanto, a ingestão de baixas doses foi sugerida como sendo benéfica no controlo na PAS e PAD. Estudos sugeriram que os níveis plasmáticos de zinco estejam relacionados com a melhoria da função cognitiva, propondo um possível envolvimento na patogénese da AD. Estudos recentes indicaram que níveis diminuídos de selénio podem estar relacionados com uma maior mortalidade e declínio da função cognitiva. Estudos indicaram o papel do ferro no processo neurodegenerativo e sugeriram que o aumento do ferro livre cerebral poderá ser responsável pela degradação neuronal. Estudos estabeleceram uma relação entre os níveis baixos de ácido fólico com o declínio cognitivo, não tendo esta evidência sido verificada para as vitaminas B6 e B12. Verificaram ainda que a suplementação com ácido fólico exerce influência na performance cognitiva, contudo com vitamina B12 esta influência não existe. Estudos referiram que as vitaminas C e E apresentam atividade neuromodeladora e que quando os níveis plasmáticos se encontram diminuídos estão associados a um maior risco de declínio cognitivo.

Trabalho final de mestrado integrado em Medicina, apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra.

Country
Portugal
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Keywords

idoso, doenças cardiovasculares, declínio cognitivo, micronutrientes, cancro, prevenção primária, prevenção secundária, idoso com 80 ou mais anos, micronutrientes (ação farmacológica) suplementos diatéticos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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