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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2011
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Psicocirurgia : o estado da arte

Authors: Ataíde, Ana Sofia de Sousa;

Psicocirurgia : o estado da arte

Abstract

Introdução: As técnicas de neurocirurgia para o tratamento de doenças psiquiátricas – “psicocirurgia” – têm vindo a evoluir ao longo do séc. XX e XXI. Na segunda metade do séc. XX esteve em voga a cirurgia lesional, na qual certas partes do cérebro são lesadas para suprimir a sintomatologia psiquiátrica. Actualmente, esta tem vindo a ser substituída pela Estimulação Cerebral Profunda (ECP). Na ECP, são colocados eléctrodos em localizações específicas do cérebro e é fornecida estimulação eléctrica de modo a alterar os circuitos patológicos envolvidos na doença em questão. A grande vantagem é o facto desta se tratar de uma técnica reversível e que pode ser bem controlada pelo médico. Especialmente na última década têm vindo a ser publicados cada vez mais estudos sobre a aplicação de ECP em doentes com doenças psiquiátricas refractárias aos tratamentos convencionais. Objectivos e Métodos: Este trabalho pretende resumir o estado actual da “psicocirurgia”, na qual grandes progressos foram feitos com a técnica mais recente – ECP. Os artigos sobre o tema foram pesquisados na PubMed através de palavras-chave seleccionadas e dando prioridade às publicações dos últimos 10 anos. Desenvolvimento: Com base em artigos encontrados é feita uma revisão dos resultados alcançados nos últimos anos para o tratamento da Perturbação Obsessivo-Compulsiva (POC), Depressão Major (DM) e Síndrome de Gilles de la Tourette (SGT). Praticamente abandonada a cirurgia lesional, bons resultados foram publicados por grupos que experimentaram ECP como nova técnica cirúrgica. Apesar de o número de artigos publicados até à data ser pequeno, os resultados atingidos são animadores. De um modo geral em cada uma das patologias, ocorre redução da sintomatologia em mais de metade dos casos e consequente melhoria da qualidade de vida. Os efeitos adversos foram verificados pontualmente e normalmente são reversíveis com alteração dos parâmetros de estimulação. “Psicocirurgia” O Estado da Arte │ 6º ano MIM 2010 – FMUC 6 Conclusões: Os resultados da ECP como técnica terapêutica são encorajadores e abrem uma nova perspectiva para o tratamento de doenças psiquiátricas refractárias. Contudo, mais estudos são necessários para verificar a reprodutibilidade dos resultados alcançados, bem como um melhor conhecimento dos circuitos anatómicos envolvidos para a escolha do alvo mais indicado.

Introduction: The techniques of neurosurgery for the treatment of psychiatric illnesses - "psychosurgery" - have evolved throughout the XXth and XXIst centuries. In the second half of the XXth century it was fashionable to have lesional surgery, in which certain parts of the brain were injured to eliminate psychiatric symptoms. Nowadays, this has been replaced by Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). In DBS, electrodes are placed in specific locations of the brain and electrical stimulation is provided in order to change the pathological circuits of the disease. The big advantage is the fact that this is a reversible technique and that can be well controlled by the doctor. Especially in the last decade more studies have been published on the implementation of DBS in patients with psychiatric disorders refractory to the conventional treatments. Objectives and Methods: This paper has the aim to summarize the current state of “psicosurgery”, in which a great progress has been accomplished with its most recent technique – DBS. The articles on the topic were searched on PubMed using selected keywords and giving priority to the publications of the last 10 years. Development: Based on several articles it is made a revision of the results achieved in recent years for the treatment of Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Major Depression (MD) and Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS). Having almost abandoned lesional surgery, good results were published by groups who experienced DBS as a new surgical technique. Even if the number of already published articles is small, the results achieved are encouraging. In general, in each of the pathologies, there is a reduction in the symptoms in more than half the cases, and thereby there is an improvement in the quality of life. Adverse effects were seen occasionally and are usually reversible when there were changes in the stimulation parameters “Psicocirurgia” O Estado da Arte │ 6º ano MIM 2010 – FMUC 8 Conclusions: The results of the DBS as a therapeutic technique are encouraging and open a new perspective for the treatment of refractory psychiatric diseases. However, further studies are needed to verify the reproducibility of the results and for a better understanding of the anatomical circuits involved in the choice of the most suitable target

Trabalho de projecto de mestrado em Medicina (Neurocirurgia), apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Psicocirurgia, Distúrbio obsessivo compulsivo, Depressão

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green