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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2013
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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O racional de terapêutica intensiva na diabetes mellitus tipo I

Authors: Filipe, Filipa Isabel Nazaré;

O racional de terapêutica intensiva na diabetes mellitus tipo I

Abstract

A Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 caracteriza-se por uma hiperglicemia crónica resultante de uma deficiência total de produção de insulina, em consequência de uma destruição das células beta pancreáticas. Desde a descoberta da insulina em 1921, importantes avanços têm ocorrido no que respeita ao tratamento e vigilância da Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1. Entre eles, de destacar o desenvolvimento de análogos da insulina, a monitorização contínua da glicose (retrospetiva ou em tempo real) e a implementação e aperfeiçoamento das bombas de perfusão de insulina. Atualmente, a terapêutica convencional cedeu o seu lugar à terapêutica intensiva, cujo fundamento básico é mimetizar, o mais fidedignamente possível, o padrão fisiológico de produção de insulina. Este tipo de terapêutica faz-se por múltiplas injeções diárias ou bomba de perfusão subcutânea de insulina, utilizando análogos de insulina. A terapêutica intensiva de forma a otimizar o controlo metabólico inclui também suporte nutricional, exercício físico e apoio escolar, no contexto de uma equipa multidisciplinar de apoio permanente. Desde o Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, em 1993, vários estudos científicos têm tornado evidentes os benefícios da terapêutica intensiva na prevenção das complicações microvasculares (retinopatia, nefropatia e neuropatia), estando ainda por provar o benefício direto nas macrovasculares. Na atualidade, esta terapêutica é o alicerce do controlo metabólico dos doentes com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 1, desempenhando um papel essencial na prevenção do aparecimento e agravamento das complicações crónicas. O atual desenvolvimento tecnológico tem proporcionado melhorias significativas da qualidade de vida destes doentes.

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is defined by a chronic hyperglycemia due to a total absence in insulin production, as a result of pancreatic beta cells’ destruction. Since the discovery of insulin in 1921, significant advances occurred in what concerns the treatment and surveillance of type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. Among these advances, the development of insulin analogues, the continuous glucose monitoring (retrospective and in real time) and the implementation and improvement of insulin pumps are some of the most important. At present, conventional therapy yielded its place to intensive therapy. Intensive therapy basic principle is to mimic, as faithful as possible, the physiological pattern of insulin production. This kind of therapy can be used in a regimen of multiple daily injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion using insulin analogs. Other components of intensive insulin therapy are nutritional management, physical exercise and school assistance, with the permanent support of a multidisciplinary team. Since the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial, in 1993, several studies highlighted the benefits of intensive therapy in the prevention of microvascular complications (retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy) while it remains to prove the direct benefits on macrovascular complications. Currently this therapy is the cornerstone of glycemic control in patients with type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, playing an essential role in preventing the onset and worsening of chronic complications. The technological development has provided significant improvements in quality of life of these patients.

Trabalho final de mestrado integrado em Medicina (Endocrinologia ), apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Terapêutica, Diabetes mellitus do tipo 2

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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Green