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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2012
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Potencial Antioxidante e Actividade Biológica In Vitro de um Extracto Enriquecido em Antocianinas de Vaccinium corymbosum L.

Authors: Viegas, Joana Cristina Jesus;

Potencial Antioxidante e Actividade Biológica In Vitro de um Extracto Enriquecido em Antocianinas de Vaccinium corymbosum L.

Abstract

As antocianinas são compostos flavonóides e são os responsáveis pelas cores, vermelha, roxa e azul de diversos frutos e legumes. Quimicamente, as antocianinas, são derivados glicosídicos, polihidroxilados ou polimetoxilados do 2-fenil-benzopirílio e apresentam uma absorção máxima na gama do vísivel entre os 520 e os 540 nm. As antocianinas são compostos que estão envolvi-dos numa vasta gama de actividades biológicas, nomeadamente antioxidante e anti-inflamatória, e estas estão associadas à manutenção da homeostasia do organismo, prevenindo o aparecimento e desenvolvimento de diversas patolo-gias, nomeadamente as doenças inflamatórias intestinais. As suas actividades e propriedades são influenciadas pelo pH, temperatura, luz, oxigénio e outros factores. De entre uma vasta variedade de frutos e de vegetais, os mirtilos des-tacam-se pelo seu elevado teor em antocianinas. Assim, o ponto de partida deste estudo foi a obtenção e caracterização química – através da quantificação dos fenóis totais (método Folin-Ciocalteau) e das antocianinas (método a diferentes pH), seguida da análise por HPLC – de um extracto enriquecido em antocianinas a partir de mirtilos (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) provenientes de Sever do Vouga, Portugal. Posteriormente foi avaliado o seu potencial antioxidante, através da capacidade antioxidante total (método de ABTS) e da actividade scavenging (ensaio da oxidação da dihidro-rodamina pelo peroxinitrito). De seguida, avaliou-se o potencial citotóxico do extracto numa linha celular de macrófagos de murganhos (RAW 264.7) e em duas linhas celulares cancerígenas (HT-29 e AsPC-1), através da medida da viabilidade celular pelo ensaio do MTT e do efeito anti-proliferativo pelo ensaio da sulforodamina B, respectivamente. Por fim, explorou-se o potencial efeito deste extracto na motilidade intestinal de ratos Wistar. O extracto obtido apresentou um teor de fenóis totais, expresso em ter-mos de ácido gálhico, e de antocianinas expresso em delfinidina 3-glucósido, idêntico ao encontrado por outros autores em extractos similares. Também a análise por HPLC revelou a presença de formas glicosiladas e aciladas de cin-co antocianidinas (delfinidina, malvidina, petunidina, cianidina e peonidina) tal como descrito por outros, para a mesma espécie. Relativamente à capacidadeantioxidante total do extracto e à capacidade de protecção à agressão induzida pelo peroxinitrito verificou-se uma actividade superior à do Trolox, no primeiro caso, e superior à da delfinidina-3-glucósido no segundo. No que respeita à actividade biológica e atendendo a que o extracto só apresentou toxicidade nos macrófagos para valores relativamente elevados de concentração, pudemos averiguar ainda, uma inibição na produção de espécies reactivas de oxigénio e óxido nítrico por macrófagos activados, assim como um efeito anti-proliferativo, em células cancerígenas. Quanto ao efeito do extracto na motilidade intestinal os resultados obtidos são apenas preliminares, necessitando por isso de con-firmação. Em conclusão, os resultados obtidos foram complementares ao de outros estudos e bastante promissores, corroborando dados da literatura que apontam as antocianinas como compostos da dieta com um papel importante na saúde humana.

Anthocyanins belong to the class of flavonoids responsible for the red, purple, and blue pigmentation detected in many fruits and vegetables. These flavonoid compounds are glycosylated, polyhydroxy or polymethoxy derivatives of 2-phenylbenzopyrylium with a maximum absorption at 520 to 540nm. Antho-cyanins are involved in a wide range of biological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic activities. Thus, these compounds posi-tively induce the maintenance of cellular homeostasis which in turn prevent the formation and development of several disorders, including the intestinal inflam-matory disease. Their activities and properties are influenced by pH, tempera-ture, light, oxygen and other factors. Among several fruits and vegetables ex-pressing these compounds, blueberries stand out due to its high content in an-thocyanins. The starting point of this study was to obtain an anthocyanin-rich extract from highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.), from Sever do Vouga, Portugal. This procedure was followed by the chemical characterization of an-thocyanins through the total phenolic (Folin-Ciocalteau method) and anthocya-nins (pH-differential method) measurements, as well as, HPLC analysis. After-ward, we evaluate the anthocyanin-rich extract antioxidant potential, by the total antioxidant capacity (ABTS method) and by the peroxynitrite scavenging ca-pacity (peroxynitrite-mediated oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123 assay). Then, the cytotoxicity of the extract was analyzed on a mouse macrophages cell line (RAW 264.7) by the MTT test and on human colon and pancreas adenocarci-noma cell lines (HT-29 and AsPC-1) by the sulforhodamine B assay. Finally, the potential effect of the extract on intestinal motility of Wistar rats was explored. The extract showed a total phenol content expressed in galic acid, and a content of anthocyanins expressed in delphinidin-3-glucose, which is in line with other studies using similar extracts. Moreover, HPLC analysis showed the pres-ence of glycosylated and acylated forms from five anthocyanidins (delphinidin, malvidin, petunidin, cyanidin, and peonidin), as referred by others for the same specie (Vaccinium Corymbosum L.). Concerning the total antioxidant capacity of the extract and the ability to inhibit the peroxynitrite-mediated dihydrorhoda-mine 123 oxidation, the effectiveness of the extract was higher than that of To-lox and than that of delphinidin-3-glucoside, respectively. Relatively to the bio-logical activity, the extract reduced LPS-induced reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide release in macrophages, in nontoxic concentrations, and presented an anti-proliferative effect in cancer cell lines. About the effect of the extract on the motility of rat ileum the results obtained are only preliminary, so that they need confirmation. In conclusion, the results from this study were complementary to those of other studies and they appeared quite promising regarding the global know-ledge on this subject, which suggest that anthocyanins are compounds from diet with a very important role in human health.

Dissertação de mestrado em Bioquímica, apresentada ao Departamento de Ciências da Vida da Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Actividade anti-inflamatória, Antocianinas, Motilidade intestinal, Actividade antio-xidante, Mirtilos (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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Cancer Research