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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2012
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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O efeito do baixo autocontrolo no crime e no comportamento anti-social

Authors: Pinto, Carla Alexandra Inácio;

O efeito do baixo autocontrolo no crime e no comportamento anti-social

Abstract

O objectivo deste estudo consistiu em testar a hipótese central da Teoria Geral do Crime, publicada em 1990 por Michael Gottfredson e Travis Hirschi, que refere que “tanto no crime, como em comportamentos análogos, existe uma característica comum nos indivíduos, que se designa por baixo autocontrolo”. Para tal, utilizou-se um grupo de reclusos duma prisão regional portuguesa, e um grupo de jovens adultos da comunidade. Para além da entrevista, cada participante preencheu também uma Escala de Baixo Autocontrolo elaborada por Grasmick e colaboradores (1993), uma Escala de Auto-Avaliação dos Comportamentos Anti-Sociais (SRA; Loeber, Farrington, Stouthamer-Loeber, & Van Kammen, 1989; Fonseca, Rebelo, Ferreira, & Cardoso, 1995), e uma escala de “oportunidade de crime”, que consistia num conjunto de questões que caracterizam as pessoas com quem o sujeito gosta de passar o seu tempo, e designadamente os seus comportamentos desviantes, assumindo-se que quanto mais amigos desviantes houver, maiores serão as oportunidades de transgressão. De modo geral, os resultados por nós obtidos, só parcialmente permitiram confirmar a hipótese de uma forte relação entre baixo autocontrolo e crime e/ou comportamento anti-social. Efectivamente, como era de esperar, foram encontradas diferenças entre reclusos e indivíduos da comunidade, mas essas diferenças só eram estatisticamente significativas quando se comparavam subgrupos específicos (e.g., reclusos reincidentes versus indivíduos não anti-sociais da comunidade). Além disso, mesmo neste caso, o efeito do baixo autocontrolo parece ser mais fraco do que seria de esperar, particularmente quando se controlava o efeito da oportunidade.

This study is aimed at testing the central hypothesis of the General Theory of Crime (Gottfredson & Hirschi, 1990), according to which “in the origins of crime and analogous behavior there is an individual characteristic – low self-control”. For this purpose a group of inmates from a local jail as well as a group of young adult men from the community were examined. In addition to an interview, participants completed a Scale of Low Self-Control (Grasmick et al., 1993), a Scale of Self-Reported Antisocial Behaviour (SRA; Loeber, Farrington, Stouthamer-Loeber, & Van Kammen, 1989; Fonseca, Rebelo, Ferreira, & Cardoso, 1995), and a scale of opportunities of antisocial behavior that encompassed several items about friends and peers who got involved in antisocial behaviours was also used. The rational for this, was that the number of deviant peers would provide a good indicator of opportunities available for antisocial behavior and delinquency. The findings confirmed the hypothesis of a strong relationship between low self-control and crime or antisocial behavior, but only partially. Indeed results showed that, as expected, the inmates had lower self-control than their counterparts from the community, but the differences were only statistically significant for some subgroups (e.g. when comparing recidivist inmates with well behaved young men from the community). Furthermore, the effect of lower self-control was weaker than one would expect, particularly when we controlled for the effect of opportunity.

Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia Clínica e Saúde (Psicologia Forense), apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Autocontrolo, Comportamento anti-social

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
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