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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2010
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Oftalmia simpática

Authors: Sobreira, Eloísa Catarina Plácido;

Oftalmia simpática

Abstract

A Oftalmia Simpática, situação clínica relativamente rara, é caracterizada por uma panuveíte granulomatosa bilateral que surge após um traumatismo ocular penetrante, acidental ou cirúrgico. O trabalho proposto tem como intuito um levantamento coerente e equilibrado dos resultados mais recentes e relevantes dos vários estudos desenvolvidos e publicados em torno desta patologia. Foram abordados temas respeitantes à sua perspectiva histórica, epidemiologia, etiopatogenia, histopatologia, características clínicas, diagnóstico diferencial, diagnóstico/exames complementares de diagnóstico, tratamento e prognóstico. O mecanismo etiopatogénico subjacente a esta entidade patológica ainda não é claramente compreendido, mas vários estudos demonstram tratar-se do protótipo de uma doença inflamatória auto-imune: a disrupção da integridade do olho lesado (olho “excitante”) conduz a uma reacção de hipersensibilidade, mediada por células T contra os antigénios oculares expostos, e que afecta igualmente o olho contralateral normal (olho “simpatizante”). A apresentação clínica no olho simpatizante surge, em média, 3 meses após a lesão, de forma insidiosa ou aguda. O diagnóstico é feito com base nos achados clínicos e na história de um traumatismo ocular, sendo necessário fazer o diagnóstico diferencial com outras causas de uveíte granulomatosa. O tratamento é primariamente médico e, como terapêutica de primeira linha, utilizam-se corticosteróides sistémicos em doses elevadas. Actualmente, com um pronto diagnóstico e a rápida instituição da terapêutica, o prognóstico visual é razoavelmente bom. No entanto, a potencial morbilidade e a natureza recidivante associada à Oftalmia Simpática, exige um cuidadoso acompanhamento do doente para o resto da vida, de forma a assegurar o tratamento imediato de potenciais sequelas graves da panuveíte crónica. As pesquisas actualmente em curso nesta área visam fundamentalmente esclarecer o mecanismo de aparecimento desta entidade patológica e, ainda, determinar o melhor protocolo de tratamento. Este tem como objectivo um rápido controlo da doença, no sentido de preservar a acuidade visual, e com benefícios adicionais da prevenção de recorrências.

Sympathetic Ophthalmia (SO) is a rare clinical condition characterized by bilateral granulomatous panuveitis that occurs after a penetrating ocular trauma, accidental or surgical. The proposed work is an objective, coherent and balanced review of the most recent and relevant studies published about this disease. Several issues on its historical background, epidemiology, etiopathogenesis, histopathology, clinical features, differential diagnosis, diagnostic workup, treatment and prognosis are reviewed. The etiopathogenic mechanism is not clearly understood, but numerous studies demonstrate that sympathetic ophthalmia corresponds to a prototype of an autoimmune disease. The disruption integrity of the injured eye (“exciting” eye) leads to a hypersensitivity reaction mediated by T cells, against exposed ocular antigens, also affecting the normal contralateral eye (“sympathetic” eye). The sympathizing eye usually presents a gradual onset of inflammation within three months after the injury. The diagnosis is based on the clinical findings and on a history of ocular trauma, being necessary a differential diagnosis with other causes of granulomatous uveitis. The treatment of sympathetic ophthalmia is primarily medical, and high-doses of systemic corticosteroids are at the first line therapy. Nowadays, with a prompt diagnosis and treatment, most patients can expect to have a relatively good visual prognosis. However, the potential morbidity and relapsing nature associated with sympathetic ophthalmia requires careful lifetime follow-up to ensure the immediate treatment of potentially serious sequelae of a chronic panuveitis. Currents research efforts in this area aim to explain the exact mechanism of onset of the disease and to determine the best treatment protocols. The aim is to rapidly control the disease in order to preserve visual acuity, with the additional benefits of preventing recurrent attacks.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Diagnóstico diferencial, Oftalmia simpática

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green