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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2010
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Agonia: últimos momentos de um doente terminal

Authors: Roque, Carolina Maria de Oliveira;

Agonia: últimos momentos de um doente terminal

Abstract

Introdução: Numa época em que a mortalidade por cancro aumenta exponencialmente, verifica-se a necessidade de uma adequação dos cuidados de saúde ao doente oncológico terminal, em particular, nos últimos dias de vida. Objectivos: Revisão sobre a agonia no doente oncológico terminal, abordando a sua definição, diagnóstico, características clínicas, fisiopatologia, propostas de intervenção e considerações éticas, através de uma pesquisa na base de dados da Medline/Pubmed e outras fontes documentais de referência, sem colocação de limites temporais. Desenvolvimento: O período de agonia constitui o culminar da evolução da doença oncológica. A disfunção orgânica resulta em alterações múltiplas e simultâneas, que se traduzem em sinais e sintomas característicos, com relevância acrescida para o estridor, a dor, a dispneia e o delirium. Nesta etapa, independentemente do local em que os cuidados são administrados, a abordagem médica centrar-se-á no conforto e na autonomia do doente. Todos os procedimentos e medicação supérfluos deverão ser descontinuados, mostrando-se fundamental uma paliação rápida e eficaz dos sintomas, através de medidas farmacológicas e não farmacológicas. A sedação terminal pode ser necessária nos sintomas refractários. Estas medidas não implicam o encurtamento do tempo de vida. Em alguns países são utilizados protocolos que sistematizam e facilitam a abordagem do doente agónico e da família. Conclusão: Conhecer a apresentação clínica da agonia ajuda a excluir potenciais quadros reversíveis ou a antever uma evolução inevitável. Através de uma selecção adequada de cuidados que evita os extremos da negligência e do encarniçamento terapêutico, é possível proporcionar um final de vida mais digno e humano.

Introduction: Nowadays, with the exponential increasing of mortality due to cancer, there is an emerging need for appropriate health care to these patients, particularly in the last days of life. Development: The agonic period constitutes the oncologic disease terminal´s peak of evolution. Organic dysfunction results in multiple and simultaneous changes, with typical signs and symptoms, like death rattle, pain, delirium and dyspnoea. Regardless of where is care taking place, medical approaching must be focus in patient comfort and autonomy. Unnecessary procedures and medication should be discontinued. Providing fast and effective palliation of symptoms is fundamental, trough pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures. Terminal sedation may be necessary in refractory symptoms. These procedures do not hasten death. Systematic integrated care pathways for the last days of life are being used in some countries, providing helpful resources of good care for patients and relatives. Conclusion: Understanding the clinical presentation of the last days and hours of life helps to exclude potential reversible causes or to forecast an inevitable evolution. Through an appropriate care selection, avoiding the extremes of overlook or overtreatment, it’s possible to provide dignity and humanity in the end of life.

Related Organizations
Keywords

Morte, Cuidados paliativos, Cuidados terminais

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green
Related to Research communities
Cancer Research