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Estudo Geral
Doctoral thesis . 2012
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Interacções entre iões metálicos e surfactantes aniónicos

Authors: Pereira, Rui Francisco Gonçalves Pinto Fernandes;

Interacções entre iões metálicos e surfactantes aniónicos

Abstract

O conhecimento do mecanismo e das diferentes propriedades envolvidas nas interacções entre iões metálicos di- e trivalentes e surfactantes aniónicos revela-se fundamental, nas áreas que utilizam conjuntamente estas espécies, possibilitando uma optimização dos processos existentes ou mesmo novas aplicações. Neste trabalho é estudado o efeito de diferentes surfactantes aniónicos no comportamento de iões metálicos multivalentes, em solução aquosa. Para tal, foram utilizados sistemas envolvendo dois tipos de surfactantes aniónicos: sulfatos (dodecil sulfato de sódio) e carboxilatos (octanoato, decanato e dodecanoato de sódio); e os seguintes iões metálicos: alumínio(III), crómio(III), lantânio(III), gadolínio(III), cálcio(II) e chumbo(II). A utilização de dois tipos de surfactantes aniónicos permite aferir acerca do efeito do grupo iónico dos mesmos no processo de interacção com os iões metálicos. O facto de serem utilizados surfactantes baseados em carboxilatos, com diferentes tamanhos de cadeia alquílica, possibilita ainda uma avaliação do efeito hidrofóbico no processo de interacção. A escolha dos iões metálicos foi realizada de modo a abarcar distintas propriedades, tais como a valência, densidade de carga, hidratação, e diferentes áreas de aplicação. A labilidade do ião alumínio, relativamente à perda de moléculas de água da sua esfera de hidratação primária, quando comparada com o ião crómio, que é praticamente inerte a esta substituição, é um exemplo das distintas propriedades em análise. O facto de alguns iões metálicos possuírem interessantes propriedades magnéticas e espectroscópicas abre também a possibilidade de identificar o efeito dos surfactantes nas mesmas. A variabilidade das propriedades dos sistemas em estudo permite identificar a predominância de efeitos no processo de interacção entre iões metálicos e surfactantes. Os sistemas foram estudados recorrendo a diferentes técnicas experimentais, tais como: condutibilidade eléctrica, potenciometria (pH e usando eléctrodos selectivos), espectroscopia de ressonância magnética nuclear (27Al e 139La), turbidimetria, luminescência e espectrometria de massa por plasma acoplado indutivamente. Os complexos sólidos resultantes da interacção foram caracterizados através de espectroscopia no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), ressonância magnética nuclear (1H e 13C), difracção de raio-X, termogravimetria, calorimetria diferencial de varrimento e termomicroscopia de luz polarizada. Através da quantificação de iões metálicos em solução, são propostos modelos que permitem estimar as constantes de associação relativas à complexação de diferentes iões metálicos e surfactantes. Nos sistemas em que participa o dodecil sulfato de sódio, é realizado um estudo termodinâmico ao processo de micelização, identificando o efeito de distintos iões trivalentes nesse processo. Com os dados apresentados nesta dissertação pensamos poder contribuir para a um maior conhecimentos dos factores que limitam ou induzem a interacção entre iões metálicos e surfactantes aniónicos.

The knowledge of the mechanisms and of the different properties involved in the interactions between di- and trivalent metal ion and anionic surfactants are fundamental, in areas that use these two species, and can help in process optimization or even lead to new applications. In this work, we have studied the effect of different anionic surfactants on the behaviour of multivalent metal ions in aqueous solution. For this, systems were used involving two different types of anionic surfactants: sulfates (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and carboxylates (sodium octanoate, decanoate and dodecanoate), together with the following metal ions: aluminium(III), chromium(III), lanthanum(III), gadolinium(III), calcium(II) and lead(II). The two different types of anionic surfactants were used to shed light on the effect of the ionic group on the interaction process with metal ions. The use of carboxylate surfactants, with different alkyl chain lengths, makes the evaluation of the hydrophobic effect in the interaction process possible. Metal ions have been chosen to encompass different properties, such as valency, charge density, hydration, and the different application areas. The lability of aluminium ions in terms of the exchange of coordinated water molecules from the primary coordination sphere, when compared with chromium, which is practically inert to substitution, is one example of the different properties in analysis. Interesting magnetic and spectroscopic properties of metal ions open the possibility of studying their change upon surfactant addition. The variation of the system properties will lead to the identification of the main effects occurring in the interaction process between metal ions and surfactants. Systems were studied by various experimental techniques, such as: electrical conductivity, potentiometry (pH and ion selective electrodes), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (27Al and 139La), turbidity, luminescence and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The solid complex resulting from interaction, were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C), X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry and polarized light thermal microscopy. Based on the quantification of metal ions in solution, models were proposed to estimate the association constants for complexation of the different metal ions with surfactants. A thermodynamic study of the micellization process was made for systems where sodium dodecyl sulfate is present, allowing the identification of the effect of different trivalent metal ions. With the results presented in this dissertation we think we are contributing to a better understanding of the factors that restrict or enhance the interaction between metal ions and anionic surfactants.

Tese de doutoramento em Química, na especialidade de Química Macromolecular, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Iões metálicos, Surfactantes aniónicos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green