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image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Estudo Geralarrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2025
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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RESPOSTA IMUNOLÓGICA DA VACINA CONTRA A HEPATITE B

Authors: LEITÃO, CARLA SOFIA PINTO;

RESPOSTA IMUNOLÓGICA DA VACINA CONTRA A HEPATITE B

Abstract

INTRODUÇÃO: As hepatites virais constituem um dos principais desafios globais em saúde pública, sendo a hepatite B (VHB) responsável por uma carga substancial de morbilidade e mortalidade a nível mundial. Em contexto ocupacional, os profissionais de saúde representam um grupo de risco acrescido, dada a maior probabilidade de exposição a fluídos biológicos contaminados. A vacinação constitui a principal estratégia de prevenção, sendo, no entanto, reconhecida a existência de variabilidade na resposta imunológica e na persistência da imunidade ao longo do tempo.OBJETIVO: Caracterizar a resposta vacinal ao VHB numa população hospitalar de profissionais de saúde e identificar fatores associados à ausência de imunidade protetora.METODOLOGIA: Estudo observacional retrospetivo, incluindo 478 profissionais de saúde previamente vacinados com o esquema completo contra o VHB. Foram analisadas variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas, nomeadamente idade, sexo, índice de massa corporal (IMC), hábitos tabágicos e presença de comorbilidades. A resposta vacinal foi avaliada com base nos títulos de anticorpos anti-HBs, considerando-se como protetores os valores ≥10 mIU/mL e como resposta robusta os valores ≥100 mIU/mL.RESULTADOS: A maioria dos participantes (82%) apresentou títulos de anti-HBs ≥10 mIU/mL, sendo que 54% atingiram níveis ≥100 mIU/mL. Observou-se uma diminuição mais acentuada da imunidade em indivíduos vacinados na infância, particularmente no período neonatal, com uma taxa de declínio anual estimada em 12%, em comparação com 7% nos vacinados na idade adulta. Verificou-se ainda uma associação entre maior IMC, sexo masculino e maior intervalo de tempo desde a vacinação com níveis mais baixos de anticorpos. A administração de doses de reforço (1 a 3) demonstrou elevada eficácia, induzindo resposta serológica em 95,95% dos indivíduos inicialmente não imunes. DISCUSSÃO/CONCLUSÃO: Os dados obtidos sugerem que a idade à data da vacinação influencia significativamente a persistência da imunidade contra o VHB. Fatores como IMC elevado, sexo masculino e maior tempo desde a vacinação parecem comprometer a durabilidade da resposta imunológica. A elevada eficácia das doses de reforço reforça a pertinência da sua administração seletiva, especialmente em grupos de maior risco ou com títulos de anticorpos subprotetores. Os resultados evidenciam a importância da idade no momento da vacinação na durabilidade da resposta imune e sugerem a necessidade de estratégias de reforço dirigidas a grupos mais vulneráveis.

INTRODUCTION: Viral hepatitis remains one of the major global public health challenges, with hepatitis B (HBV) accounting for a substantial burden of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In occupational settings, healthcare workers represent a high-risk group due to their increased likelihood of exposure to contaminated biological fluids. Vaccination is the primary prevention strategy; however, variability in the immune response and persistence of immunity over time is well recognized. OBJECTIVE: To characterize the HBV vaccine response in a hospital-based population of healthcare professionals and identify factors associated with the absence of protective immunity. METHODS: A retrospective observational study was conducted, including 478 healthcare workers previously vaccinated with the complete HBV vaccination schedule. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were analyzed, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking habits, and presence of comorbidities. The vaccine response was assessed based on anti-HBs antibody titers, with values ≥10 mIU/mL considered protective and ≥100 mIU/mL indicating a robust response. RESULTS: The majority of participants (82%) showed anti-HBs titers ≥10 mIU/mL, with 54% achieving levels ≥100 mIU/mL. A more pronounced decline in immunity was observed among those vaccinated during childhood—particularly in the neonatal period—with an estimated annual decline rate of 12%, compared to 7% in those vaccinated in adulthood. Higher BMI, male sex, and a longer interval since vaccination were associated with lower antibody levels. The administration of booster doses (1 to 3) proved highly effective, inducing a serological response in 95.95% of initially non-immune individuals. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that the age at the time of vaccination significantly influences the persistence of HBV immunity. Factors such as elevated BMI, male sex, and longer time since vaccination appear to negatively impact immune durability. The high efficacy of booster doses supports their selective administration, particularly among high-risk individuals or those with subprotective antibody titers. The results highlight the importance of age at vaccination in the durability of the immune response and suggest the need for targeted booster strategies in more vulnerable groups.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Saúde Ocupacional apresentada à Faculdade de Medicina

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Vacinação, Fatores de Risco, Risk Factors, Vaccination, Immunity, Healthcare Workers, Profissionais de Saúde, Imunidade, Hepatitis B, Hepatite B

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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