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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2025
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Master thesis . 2025
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Mineral Mapping on Mars with Mars Express/HRSC colour data

Authors: da Silva Encarnação, Mariana;

Mineral Mapping on Mars with Mars Express/HRSC colour data

Abstract

A história do clima de Marte é marcada por variações significativas que apresentamevidências de que o planeta terá sustentado, no passado, um ambiente favorável à vida, propício a manter água no estado líquido à superfície. Antigos sistemas fluviais, leitos de lagos e minerais de alteração sugerem um passado ameno e húmido, com atividade aquosa prolongada. Um grupo de minerais de alteração particularmente importante são os filossilicatos de Fe/Mg, cuja formação ocorre em condições aquosas de baixa temperatura e pH próximo da neutralidade, funcionando como indicadores chave da habitabilidade do passado. Esta tese de mestrado centra-se no mapeamento e caracterização geológicos de unidades quecontêm filossilicatos em Ogygis Planum, localizado na margem noroeste de Argyre Planitia,uma das maiores bacias de impacto em Marte. Utilizando dados de cores adquiridos peloHRSC (Mars Express), juntamente com informação complementar, foram produzidos um mapafotogeológico regional e compósitos de razão espectral, posteriormente analisados como uma ferramenta para estudo mineralógico.A região de estudo consiste num vale, cujo preenchimento da parte estratigráfica inferior, fortemente modificada devido a erosão, apresenta uma configuração particular caracterizada por estruturas poligonais associadas a filossilicatos, contendo as unidades geológicas principais onde se podem identificar filossilicatos no mapa: Fractured Light-toned Plains (flp) e Smooth Light-toned Plains (slp).Para além disso, a análise revelou um conjunto diversificado de unidades geológicas,incluindo terrenos fraturados ou relativamente lisos, associados a fluxos, padrões de fraturas poligonais e planaltos antigos. Comparando com o catálogo MOCAAS observaram-sediscrepâncias entre as suposições feitas a priori e os compósitos de razão obtidos, uma vez que algumas das regiões mapeadas como contendo filossilicatos não apresentam o comportamento espectral esperado nos rácios de dados de HRSC. O motivo para esta divergência provem da resolução espacial limitada do HRSC e da influência de pixels combinados, camada de materiais eólicos e texturas da superfície nas respostas espectrais.De forma geral, este trabalho demonstra que os dados de cores do HRSC, embora limitadosem termos de resolução espectral, constituem uma ferramenta valiosa para o mapeamentomineralógico de regiões quando cuidadosamente integrados com dados hiperespectrais e dados de melhor resolução. Os resultados contribuem para uma melhor compreensão da distribuição de filossilicatos de Fe/Mg em Ogygis Planum e reforçam a relevância da região para a reconstrução da evolução aquosa e geológica de Marte.

The climate history of Mars is marked by significant variations, with evidence suggestingthat the planet once sustained a more hospitable environment capable of supporting liquid water at the surface. Ancient fluvial systems, lakebeds, and alteration minerals indicate a warmer and wetter past with prolonged aqueous activity. A particularly important group of alteration minerals are Fe/Mg-phyllosilicates, which form under low-temperature, near-neutral aqueous conditions and serve as key indicators of past habitability.This thesis focuses on the mapping and geological characterization of phyllosilicate-bearing units in Ogygis Planum, located on the northwestern rim of Argyre Planitia, one of the largest impact basins on Mars. Using Mars Express/HRSC colour data, supported by complementary datasets, a regional photogeological map was produced and spectral ratio composites were investigated as a tool for mineralogical discrimination.The basement of the study region consists of ancient highland material which forms a structurally controlled trough, oriented concentrically around the Argyre Planitia. Thestratigraphically lowermost part of the ancient trough fill, heavily modified by erosion, displays characteristic morphologies with polygonal textures associated with phyllosilicates, as detected from orbital spectroscopy (by the MOCAAS catalogue of hydrated minerals on Mars) and hosts the key phyllosilicate-bearing units identified on the map: the Fractured Light-toned Plains (flp) and Smooth Light-toned Plains (slp). Furthermore, the analysis revealed a diverse set of geologic units, including fractured and smooth flow-related terrains, polygonal fracture patterns, and ancient highlands.Discrepancies between a priori expectations and the actual ratio composites emerged whencomparing with the MOCAAS catalogue, as some regions mapped as phyllosilicate-bearing donot display the expected spectral behavior in HRSC ratios. This mismatch is attributed to the limited spatial resolution of HRSC and the influence of mixed pixels, aeolian mantling, and surface textures on spectral responses.Overall, this work demonstrates that HRSC colour data, while limited in spectral resolution, are a valuable tool for regional mineralogical mapping when carefully integrated with higher resolution and hyperspectral datasets. The results contribute to a better understanding of the distribution of Fe/Mg-phyllosilicates in Ogygis Planum and reinforce the significance of the region for reconstructing Mars’ aqueous and geological evolution.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Astrofísica e Instrumentação para o Espaço apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Countries
Germany, Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Mineralogia, Deteção remota, Mars, Geology, Remote sensing, Mineralogy, Mapeamento, HRSC, Mapping, mineralogy, mapping, colour ratios, Geologia, Marte

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green