
handle: 10316/120636
A rega com águas residuais, a aplicação de lamas e a pulverização de pesticidas são algumas das vias pelas quais os compostos de amónio quaternário (QACs) podem entrar e acumular-se no solo. Uma análise mais detalhada foi realizada sobre a aplicação de lamas de tratamento contaminadas em campos agrícolas, avaliando-se os efeitos individuais de três subgrupos: cloreto de hexadecil-trimetil amónio (ATMAC-C16), cloreto de dodecil-benzildimetil amónio (BAC-C12) e cloreto de didecil-dimetilamónio (DDAC-C10). Deste modo, verificou-se que o ATMAC-C16, o BAC-C12 e o DDAC-C10 alteraram a riqueza bacteriana, a uniformidade e a β-diversidade. Embora o ATMAC-C16 não tenha demonstrado qualquer efeito em função do tempo de exposição, as comunidades expostas ao BAC-C12 e ao DDAC-C10 revelaram ser dependentes do tempo de exposição. Ainda mais, demonstrou-se que, em resposta à dose, o ATMAC-C16 seguiu um padrão de diminuição monótona (com um rebound inesperado a 100 mg kg⁻¹), enquanto o BAC-C12 apresentou um padrão sigmoidal com “ponto de viragem” em ~0,1 mg kg⁻¹ e o DDAC-C10 apenas reduziu a riqueza na dose mais elevada (100 mg kg⁻¹). Adicionalmente, alguns taxa mostraram correlação com funções preditas sobre-expressas pelo FAPROTAX, como vias de respiração de enxofre e fermentação, assim como patógenos putativos (e.g., Escherichia–Shigella, Bacteroides) em doses elevadas. Neste sentido, esta investigação permitiu colmatar a lacuna de conhecimento sobre o impacto dos QACs no microbioma do solo, alertar para a ameaça silenciosa que os QACs representam para a saúde no conceito One Health e defender a inclusão destes compostos no quadro de monitorização e avaliação do risco dos solos da UE.
Wastewater irrigation, sludge application, and pesticide spraying are some of the pathways by which quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) can enter and accumulate in the soil. A closer look was taken at the application of contaminated sewage sludge in agricultural fields by analyzing the individual effects of three subgroups: hexadecyl-trimethyl ammonium chloride (ATMAC-C16), dodecyl-benzyldimethyl ammonium chloride (BAC-C12), and didecyl-dimethylammonium chloride (DDAC-C10). Here, it was shown that ATMAC-C16, BAC-C12, and DDAC-C10 altered bacterial richness, evenness, and β-diversity. Although ATMAC-C16 didn’t show any effect due to exposure time, BAC-C12 and DDAC-C10 communities appeared to be time-dependent. It was further demonstrated that, as a dose-response from soil bacteria, ATMAC-C16 followed a monotonic decrease (with an unexpected rebound at 100 mg kg⁻¹) pattern, while BAC-C12 had a sigmoidal “tipping-point” at ~0.1 mg kg⁻¹ and DDAC-C10 only depressed richness at the highest dose (100 mg kg⁻¹). Additionally, some taxa were correlated with FAPROTAX upregulated predicted functions such as sulfur-respiration and fermentation pathways, alongside putative pathogens (e.g., Escherichia–Shigella, Bacteroides) at high doses. On this matter, this research allowed to fill the knowledge gap on QACs’ impact on soil microbiome, raise awareness of the silent threat that QACs pose to One Health, and advocate for the inclusion of these compounds in the EU soil monitoring risk-assessment framework.
Dissertação de Mestrado em Microbiologia e Biotecnologia Microbiana apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia
Outro - Horizon Europe
Soil microbiome, Compostos quaternários de amónio, 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding, Risk-assessment, Contaminantes ambientais, Gene 16S rRNA metabarcoding, Avaliação-do-risco, Quaternary ammonium compounds, Environmental contaminants, Microbioma do solo
Soil microbiome, Compostos quaternários de amónio, 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding, Risk-assessment, Contaminantes ambientais, Gene 16S rRNA metabarcoding, Avaliação-do-risco, Quaternary ammonium compounds, Environmental contaminants, Microbioma do solo
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