Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Estudo Geralarrow_drop_down
image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2025
Data sources: Estudo Geral
addClaim

Assessment of microbiological indoor air quality

Authors: Pereira, Catarina Vicente;

Assessment of microbiological indoor air quality

Abstract

Na última década, as doenças respiratórias, incluindo aquelas provocadas por agentes patogénicos transportados pelo ar, têm aumentado como resultado da má qualidade do ar interior. As pessoas passam a maior parte do tempo dentro de suas casas, escolas, hospitais e outros edifícios. Se a qualidade do ar interior não for adequada, podem começar a surgir problemas/doenças respiratórias, especialmente em pessoas com um sistema imunitário fraco. Em espaços interiores, a ventilação desempenha um papel fundamental na transmissão de agentes patogénicos transportados pelo ar, assim como a temperatura e a humidade relativa, que são fatores importantes para o seu crescimento. A ventilação precisa de ser otimizada para evitar a propagação desses agentes patogénicos, que podem ser transmitidos por contacto direto/físico, aerossóis, gotículas respiratórias e fómites. Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria alternata, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, coronavírus e vírus da gripe são alguns dos patógenos que mais preocupam a saúde respiratória, pois são responsáveis por causar problemas respiratórios. Estes patógenos estão constantemente presentes no microbioma do ar, portanto, a análise do microbioma do ar em espaços internos/fechados é muito importante para evitar picos de transmissão.O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi implementar metodologias para recolher e analisar a qualidade microbiológica do ar interior, em ambientes reais. Para isso, primeiro foi avaliada a qualidade microbiológica do ar interior em centros de saúde, através da análise de amostras de ar recolhidas durante 5 minutos na Unidade de Saúde Familiar de Celas. Após a demonstração de que todas estas amostras eram negativas para adenovírus (AdV), vírus sincicial respiratório (RSV) e coronavírus 2 da síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS-CoV-2), foram implementados outros ensaios piloto, aumentando o período de recolha para 4 e 6 horas. Estes ensaios tiveram lugar numa sala de aula e foi analisada a presença de vírus, bem como a presença de bactérias e fungos. Utilizando qPCR (reação em cadeia da polimerase quantitativa), foi possível não só detetar a presença do vírus sincicial respiratório (RSV), bactérias e fungos nas amostras, mas também quantificá-los. Com os resultados obtidos, foi possível concluir que as metodologias para processar as amostras eram adequadas para caracterizar a qualidade do ar interior. Mais importante ainda, foi a otimização dos tempo de colheita, que se concluiu ser necessário pelo menos 4 ou mais. Os resultados obtidos neste trabalho serão aplicados num futuro próximo para avaliar a qualidade interior de ambientes reais (por exemplo, clínicas, hospitais, escolas, creches) e para testar novos sistemas de purificação do ar e ventilação interior para diminuir a transmissão de agentes patogénicos transportados pelo ar.

In the last decade, respiratory diseases, including those due to airborne pathogens have been increasing as a result of indoor air quality. People spend a majority of their time inside their houses, schools, hospitals and other buildings. If the indoor air quality is not adequate, respiratory problems/diseases can start to appear, especially in people with a weak immune system. In indoor spaces, ventilation plays a fundamental role in the transmission of airborne pathogens, as do temperature and relative humidity, which are important factors for their growth. The ventilation needs to be optimised to prevent the spread of these pathogens, which can be transmitted by direct/ physical contact, aerosols, respiratory droplets and fomites.Aspergillus fumigatus, Alternaria alternata, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, coronaviruses, influenza viruses are some of the pathogens with the highest concern in respiratory health, as they are responsible for causing respiratory problems. These pathogens are commonly present in the air microbiome, so the analysis of the air microbiome in indoor/closed spaces is very important, to prevent transmission peaks.The main objective of this work was to implement methodologies to collect and analyse the indoor air microbiological quality, in real environments. For that, first was assessed the microbiological quality of indoor air in health centres by analysing air samples collected during 5 min at the Celas Family Health Unit. After the demonstration that all these samples were negative for Adenovirus (AdV), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), other pilots assays were implemented increasing the collection period to 4 and 6 hours. These assays took places in a classroom and the presence of viruses was analysed, as well as the presence of bacteria and fungi. Using qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction) it was not only possible to detect the presence of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), bacteria and fungi in the samples, but also to quantify them. With the results obtained it was possible to conclude that the methodologies to process the samples were appropriated to characterise the indoor air quality. Most importantly, it was possible to determine that the minimal time of collection was 4 h, with 6 h as the best period to be able to detect and quantify microbial agents in environments were of airborne pathogens is most likely to occur. The results obtained in this work will be applied in the next future to assess the indoor quality of real environments (e.g. clinics, hospitals, schools, daycare facilities) and to test novel systems of air purification and indoor ventilation to decrease the transmission of airborne pathogens.

Outro - This work was financed mainly by COMPETE 2030/Portugal 2030 (project COMPETE2030-FEDER-00525700- AIRSECUR- Intelligent Air Purification System). Through the COMPETE 2020 - Operational Programme for Competitiveness and Internationalisation and Portuguese national funds via FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under UIDB/04539/2020, UIDP/04539/2020 and LA/P/0058/2020

Dissertação de Mestrado em Microbiologia e Biotecnologia Microbiana apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Agentes patogénicos transportados pelo ar, Qualidade do ar, Microbiological assessment, Airborne pathogens, Air microbiome, Reação em cadeia da polimerase quantitativa- qPCR, Indoor air quality, Microbioma do ar, Quantitative polymerase chain reaction- qPCR, Avaliação microbiológica

  • BIP!
    Impact byBIP!
    selected citations
    These citations are derived from selected sources.
    This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    0
    popularity
    This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
    influence
    This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
    Average
    impulse
    This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
    Average
Powered by OpenAIRE graph
Found an issue? Give us feedback
selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Upload OA version
Are you the author of this publication? Upload your Open Access version to Zenodo!
It’s fast and easy, just two clicks!