
handle: 10316/119853
O cancro do ovário (CO) é a quinta causa de morte por cancro na mulher. Devido ao seu diagnóstico tardio, mas também à ausência de biomarcadores diagnósticos e preditivos e à resistência às modalidades terapêuticas existentes, é a neoplasia ginecológica com maior taxa de mortalidade. É na investigação dos mecanismos de oncogénese que poderá surgir a evidência necessária para o desenvolvimento de eventuais estratégias terapêuticas que permitam melhorar o prognóstico desta neoplasia.A progesterona tem sido alvo de investigação pelo seu impacto na carcinogénese e eventual papel terapêutico no CO, influenciando vias moleculares associadas à proliferação celular, apoptose e invasão tumoral. A evidência atual sugere que estados hormonais com níveis elevados de progesterona, como gravidez e uso de contracetivos, estão associados a um menor risco de CO. No entanto, a perda de expressão dos recetores de progesterona e a ativação subsequente de vias oncogénicas podem comprometer o seu efeito protetor, especialmente no carcinoma seroso de alto grau do ovário.A terapêutica hormonal tem sido investigada como abordagem adjuvante no CO, sobretudo nos subtipos com expressão de recetores hormonais. Moduladores seletivos dos recetores de estrogénio e inibidores da aromatase mostraram impacto na estabilização da doença, enquanto os progestativos apresentam eficácia variável conforme o perfil molecular tumoral. Apesar do potencial protetor da progesterona, alguns estudos indicam que, em contextos específicos, pode favorecer a progressão tumoral. A heterogeneidade fenotípica do CO reforça a necessidade de abordagens individualizadas, baseadas na caracterização molecular e hormonal do tumor. Ensaios clínicos adicionais são essenciais para clarificar o impacto da progesterona na fisiopatologia e tratamento do CO, promovendo estratégias mais eficazes e personalizadas para cada doente.
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the fifth leading cause of death among women. It has become the deadliest gynecological malignancy due to its late-stage diagnosis, but also due to the absence of effective diagnostic and predictive biomarkers and resistance to current therapeutic modalities. It is through the investigation of molecular mechanisms underlying oncogenesis that the necessary evidence for the development of potential therapeutic strategies may emerge, ultimately improving the prognosis of this tumor.Progesterone has been subject of research for its impact on carcinogenesis and its potential therapeutic role in OC, influencing molecular pathways associated with cell proliferation, apoptosis, and tumor invasion. Current evidence suggests that a hormonal background with elevated progesterone levels, such as pregnancy and the use of contraceptives, is associated with a lower risk of OC. However, the loss of progesterone receptor expression and the activation of subsequent oncogenic pathways may compromise its protective effect, particularly in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma.Hormone therapy has been investigated as an adjuvant approach in OC, especially in subtypes with hormonal receptor expression. Selective estrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors have shown impact in stabilizing the disease, while progestins exhibit variable efficacy depending on the tumor's molecular profile.Despite the protective potential of progesterone, some studies suggest that, in specific contexts, it may promote tumor progression. The phenotypic heterogeneity of OC justifies the need for individualized approaches based on the molecular and hormonal characterization of the tumor. Further clinical trials are essential to clarify the impact of progesterone on the pathophysiology and treatment of OC, paving the way for more effective and personalized strategies.
Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina
FATORES DE RISCO, RISK FACTORS, CARCINOGENESIS, CANCRO DO OVÁRIO, PROGESTERONE, CARCINOGÉNESE, OVARIAN CANCER, PROGESTERONA
FATORES DE RISCO, RISK FACTORS, CARCINOGENESIS, CANCRO DO OVÁRIO, PROGESTERONE, CARCINOGÉNESE, OVARIAN CANCER, PROGESTERONA
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