
handle: 10316/119821
Background: Criada em 1742, a episiotomia tem sido amplamente utilizada na obstetrícia, inicialmente como um procedimento preventivo para evitar lacerações graves e facilitar o parto. No entanto, seu uso rotineiro tem sido questionado devido a complicações associadas e ao impacto na autonomia materna.Objetivo: Analisar a episiotomia como necessidade médica ou possível forma de violência obstétrica, considerando desfechos maternos e neonatais, bem como implicações éticas e legais.Métodos: Realizou-se uma revisão narrativa da literatura, utilizando artigos publicados entre 2014 e 2024, selecionados nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect e Google Scholar. Foram analisados 50 estudos que abordam a episiotomia, seus efeitos e o consentimento informado das mulheres.Resultados: A episiotomia seletiva demonstrou benefícios em contextos específicos, como partos instrumentados e sofrimento fetal iminente, reduzindo o risco de lacerações graves. No entanto, seu uso rotineiro esteve associado a maior dor perineal, dispareunia e risco de infeções. Além disso, 54% das mulheres submetidas ao procedimento relataram não ter dado consentimento prévio, evidenciando lacunas na comunicação médico-paciente.Conclusão: A episiotomia deve ser realizada apenas quando clinicamente indicada e mediante consentimento informado. O fortalecimento de diretrizes baseadas em evidências, a capacitação profissional e a promoção da autonomia das mulheres são essenciais para garantir uma prática obstétrica mais humanizada e ética.
Background: Introduced in the early 18th century, episiotomy has been widely used in obstetrics, initially as a preventive procedure to avoid severe perineal tears and facilitate childbirth. However, its routine use has been increasingly questioned due to associated complications and its impact on maternal autonomy.Objective: To analyze episiotomy as a medical necessity or a potential form of obstetric violence, considering maternal and neonatal outcomes, as well as ethical and legal implications.Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted, selecting articles published between 2014 and 2024 from PubMed, Cochrane, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. A total of 50 studies addressing episiotomy, its effects, and informed consent were analyzed.Results: Selective episiotomy demonstrated benefits in specific contexts, such as instrumental deliveries and cases of imminent fetal distress, reducing the risk of severe perineal tears. However, its routine use was associated with increased perineal pain, dyspareunia, and a higher risk of infections. Furthermore, 54% of women who underwent the procedure reported not having given prior consent, highlighting critical gaps in physician patient communication.Conclusion: Episiotomy should only be performed when clinically indicated and with explicit informed consent. Strengthening evidence-based guidelines, enhancing professional training, and promoting women's autonomy are essential steps toward ensuring a more ethical and humanized obstetric practice.
Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina
Obstetric violence, Consentimento informado, Episiotomy, Episiotomia, Saúde materna., Violência obstétrica, Informed consent, Maternal health, Parto vaginal, Vaginal delivery
Obstetric violence, Consentimento informado, Episiotomy, Episiotomia, Saúde materna., Violência obstétrica, Informed consent, Maternal health, Parto vaginal, Vaginal delivery
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