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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2025
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Avaliação e relação da função executiva com a polissonografia na Narcolepsia tipo 1

Authors: Garcia, Tomás Manuel Pêcego;

Avaliação e relação da função executiva com a polissonografia na Narcolepsia tipo 1

Abstract

Introdução: O sono é um elemento importante para o bem-estar e para a cognição. Na narcolepsia tipo 1 (NT1) existe défice de orexina que condiciona negativamente as transições de sono-vigília e vigília-sono. A NT1 é marcada pela hipoatividade de circuitos neuronais, nomeadamente nas regiões fronto-parieto-temporais, nas conexões cíngulo-opercular o que poderá interferir com as funções executivas, capacidade de atenção e concentração. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a função executiva, a capacidade de atenção e concentração de uma amostra de doentes com NT1 e a sua relação com características clínicas e polissonográficas.Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal com 15 doentes com diagnostico de NT1. Os doentes foram submetidos a testes neuropsicológicos como o teste Trail Making Test A (TMTA) e Trail Making Test B (TMTB), o teste símbolo-dígito (Código WAIS), o teste de cancelamento de Toulouse-Piéron (TP), e o teste de Stroop (TS). Os resultados obtidos foram comparados com os valores validados e normalizados para a população portuguesa, através do cálculo do Z-score, com base no desempenho individual, em comparação aos seus pares. Posteriormente, as pontuações obtidas nos testes neuropsicológicos foram correlacionadas com as características clínicas e polissonográficas. Resultados: Com base nos resultados dos testes neuropsicológicos, os doentes com NT1 apresentaram um pior desempenho no teste TP comparativamente à população portuguesa por apresentarem um maior índice de dispersão por erros de omissão. Não se encontrou uma correlação entre características clínicas, como a sonolência diurna excessiva, e a macroestrutura do sono / maior qualidade do sono com o desempenho nos testes neuropsicológicos.Discussão: A ausência de correlação entre a qualidade do sono e o desempenho cognitivo nos doentes com NT1 sugere que o défice de concentração e atenção possam relacionar-se com os mecanismos fisiopatológicos da doença, como o défice de orexina e as intrusões do sono de movimento ocular rápido (REM) na vigília. Esses mecanismos fisiopatológicos interferem diretamente em redes neuronais essenciais para a manutenção da vigília, capacidade de concentração, atenção e no controlo cognitivo.Conclusão: Este estudo identificou um grau de disfunção frontal subcortical, com prejuízo na atenção, concentração e velocidade de processamento, que parece ser independente do grau de sonolência diurna e da qualidade do sono em doentes com NT1, apontando para que possam ser uma consequência direta dos mecanismos biológicos da doença.

Introduction: Sleep is an important factor to both well-being and cognition. In type 1 narcolepsy (NT1) there is a deficit of orexin which negatively impact the transitions of the sleep-wake cycle. Notably, NT1 demonstrates hypoactivity in several neuronal circuits especially in the frontoparietotemporal region, affecting the cingulo-opercular connections which can interfere in patients’ executive functions, attention span and concentration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the executive functions, attention span and concentration of a sample of patients with NT1 and their correlation with the patients’ clinical and polysomnographic characteristics.Methods: We performed a transversal observational study with 15 patients diagnosed with NT1. Patients were submitted to neuropsychological tests such as the Trail Making Tests A (TMTA) and Trail Making Test B (TMTB), the Symbol-Digit test (WAIS code), the Toulouse-Piéron Cancellation test (TP), and the Stroop test (TS-CW). The obtained results were compared with the corresponding validated standardized values for the Portuguese population via Z-score calculation based on individual patients’ performance when compared to their peers. Afterwards, the obtained neuropsychological scores were correlated with their clinical and polysomnographic characteristics.Results: Based on the results of the neuropsychological tests, NT1 patients showed a worse overall performance in TP when compared to the general Portuguese population due to greater omission error dispersion index. No correlation was found in the neuropsychological test performances between patients’ clinical characteristics, such as excessive daytime sleepiness, and the overall sleep macrostructure or quality.Discussion: The lack of correlation between sleep quality and cognitive performance in NT1 patients suggests that their concentration and attention deficits may be related to the physiopathology of the disease itself, such as orexin deficit or REM sleep intrusions while awake. These physiopathological mechanisms directly interfere with the neuronal networks required for concentration, attention span, cognitive control, and staying awake.Conclusion: This study identified a degree of subcortical frontal dysfunction that compromises attention span, concentration and processing speed that seems to be independent from both the severity of daytime sleepiness and the sleep quality in NT1 patients.

Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Executive Function, Função Executiva, Polissonografia, Polysomnography, Testes Neuropsicológicos, Neuropsychological Tests, Sleep, Narcolepsy, Sono, Narcolepsia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
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