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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2025
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Características de Perturbação de Hiperatividade/Défice de Atenção: Relação com qualidade do sono, comportamentos aditivos e tempo de ecrã

Authors: Ferreira, Moisés Araújo;

Características de Perturbação de Hiperatividade/Défice de Atenção: Relação com qualidade do sono, comportamentos aditivos e tempo de ecrã

Abstract

Muitos estudantes universitários reportam sintomas significativos de Perturbação de Hiperatividade/Défice de Atenção (PHDA), bem como perturbações de sono, depressão, ansiedade e stresse, recorrendo a medicação neuropsiquiátrica. Sabemos ainda que adultos com PHDA estão mais vulneráveis a comportamentos aditivos.O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a autoperceção de características de PHDA nos estudantes da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra (FMUC), determinando a sua associação com a qualidade do sono, comportamentos aditivos, uso de medicação crónica, tempo de ecrã e uso do filtro de luz azul no telemóvel.Estudo observacional, transversal, com recurso a questionário online, aplicado a estudantes da FMUC. O questionário incluiu caracterização sociodemográfica, questionário breve de saúde, tempo de ecrã do telemóvel e aplicação das versões portuguesas das escalas: Índice de qualidade de sono de Pittsburgh (PSQI-PT), com pontuação entre 0 e 21 (0-5 - boa qualidade de sono, >5 - pobre qualidade de sono); Adult ADHD Self-Report Screening Scale for DSM-5 (ASRS-5), com pontuação entre 0 e 24, correspondendo valores mais elevados a maior probabilidade de diagnóstico de PHDA.Realizou-se estatística descritiva e inferencial com testes não paramétricos (p<0,05). Numa amostra de n=263, dos quais 71,1% do sexo feminino (n=187), idade mediana 21 (mín. 17, máx. 30), 42,6% dos participantes viviam com amigos/companheiro/a, 38,4% com família e 19% sozinhos. Verificou-se predomínio de respostas de alunos do 1º ano (31,6%), havendo representação entre 6,8% e 17,9% dos restantes. O questionário ASRS-5 teve uma pontuação mediana de 9 (P25=6; P75=12).Verificou-se que os participantes com consumos de álcool, tabaco e drogas recreativas (p<0,001), distúrbios de sono (p=0,016), insónia autorreportada (p=0,049), diagnóstico de PHDA (p<0,001), que faziam medicação crónica (p=0,018), que faziam medicação neuropsiquiátrica (p<0,001) e que tinham má qualidade de sono (p<0,001) apresentaram medianas superiores na pontuação do ASRS-5.Houve correlação significativa entre a pontuação no ASRS-5 e idade (ρ=0,169), número de medicamentos (ρ=0,232), pontuação no PSQI-PT (ρ=0,536) e tempo de ecrã (ρ=0,305). Através de uma regressão, conclui-se que 3 variáveis (pontuação no PSQI-PT, tempo de ecrã e idade) explicaram 32,7% da variação da pontuação no ASRS-5 (p<0,001).O presente estudo evidencia a estreita relação entre as características de PHDA e a qualidade do sono, consumo de bebidas alcoólicas, tabaco, drogas recreativas e o tempo de ecrã, alertando para o facto que podem contribuir para uma maior autoperceção de sintomas de PHDA. Isto tem implicações em várias vertentes da vida dos estudantes, resultando em pior qualidade de vida e desempenho académico.Será relevante partilhar estes resultados com vista a construção de estratégias que antecipem e protejam esta população vulnerável.

Many college students report significant symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), as well as sleep disturbances, depression, anxiety and stress, often using psychiatric medication. It is also known that adults with ADHD are more vulnerable to addictive behaviors. This study aimed to evaluate the self-perception of ADHD characteristics in students from the Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), determining its association with sleep quality, addictive behaviors, use of chronic medication, screen time, and the use of blue light filters on smartphones. This is an observational, cross-sectional study using an online questionnaire applied to FMUC students. The questionnaire included demographic characterization, a brief health questionnaire, smartphone screen time, and the application of the Portuguese versions of the following scales: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-PT), with scores ranging from 0 to 21 (0-5 - good sleep quality, >5 - poor sleep quality); Adult ADHD Self-Report Screening Scale for DSM-5 (ASRS-5), with scores ranging from 0 to 24, with higher values indicating a higher likelihood of an ADHD diagnosis. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed with non-parametric tests (p<0,05). In a sample of n=263, 71.1% were female (n=187), with a median age of 21 (min. 17, max. 30), 42.6% of participants lived with friends/partners, 38.4% with family, and 19% alone. The sample was predominantly first-year students (31.6%), with representation between 6.8% and 17.9% from the others. The ASRS-5 questionnaire had a median score of 9 (P25=6; P75=12). It was found that the participants who consumed alcohol, tobacco and drugs (p<0,001), had sleep disorders (p=0,016), self-reported insomnia (p=0,049), ADHD diagnosis (p<0,001), chronic medication use (p=0,018), neuropsychiatric medication use (p<0,001), and poor sleep quality (p<0,001) had higher median scores on the ASRS-5. There was a significant correlation between the ASRS-5 score and age (ρ=0,169), number of medications (ρ=0,232), PSQI-PT score (ρ=0,536), and screen time (ρ=0,305). Through regression analysis, it was shown that three variables (PSQI-PT score, screen time, and age) explained 32.7% of the variation in the ASRS-5 score (p<0,001). This study highlights the important relationship between ADHD characteristics, sleep quality, alcohol and tobacco consumption and screen time, suggesting that these factors may contribute to a greater self-perception of ADHD symptoms. This has implications for various aspects of students' lives, resulting in worse quality of life and academic performance. It is important to share these results in order to develop strategies that anticipate and protect this vulnerable population.

Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Perturbação de Hiperatividade/Défice de Atenção, Tempo de ecrã, Addictive behaviours, Attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, Comportamentos aditivos, Sleep quality, Screen time, Qualidade do sono

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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