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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2025
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Os efeitos metabólicos da prolactina

Authors: Fernandes, Miriam Sofia Matos;

Os efeitos metabólicos da prolactina

Abstract

A prolactina (PRL) sempre foi uma hormona associada à amamentação e gravidez. A descoberta de novos locais de produção e recetores da prolactina (PRL) tem permitido conhecer outras das suas ações. Dada a sua diversidade e o impacto metabólico, é importante conhecer todos os mecanismos fisiopatológicos desta hormona. De forma geral, os valores de referência da PRL são inferiores a 25 μg/L e a 20 μg/L, no sexo feminino e masculino, respetivamente. Contudo, recentemente surgiu um novo conceito de homeostatic functionally increased transient prolactinemia (HomeoFIT-PRL). Este representa um intervalo de valores de PRL entre 25 μg/L e 100 μg/L e traduz-se numa “hiperprolactinemia fisiológica”. A PRL tem ações no hipotálamo, fígado, tecido adiposo, perfil lipídico e glicémia. Associado ao aumento maioritariamente patológico da sua concentração, há alterações que resultam numa predisposição para doenças metabólicas como a obesidade. A hipoprolactinemia tem sido associada a efeitos metabólicos semelhantes aos da hiperprolactinemia. Porém, há ainda poucos estudos neste âmbito e os mecanismos não são bem conhecidos. Relativamente à terapêutica, diferentes autores têm estudado as melhorias metabólicas decorrentes dos tratamentos que visam normalizar os valores da PRL. Atualmente, agonistas da dopamina, designadamente a bromocriptina, constituem agentes terapêuticos em doenças metabólicas como a diabetes mellitus tipo 2.Por fim, as ações da PRL dependem do seu valor sérico e das necessidades metabólicas do organismo. Além disso, a sua compreensão é fundamental para o acompanhamento adequado de indivíduos com alterações a este nível.

Prolactin (PRL) has always been recognized for its role in breastfeeding and pregnancy. The discovery of new sources of PRL and receptors expression in other organs allowed us to know other PRL actions. Due to complex systemic effects and metabolic impact, it is important to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of this hormone. In general, PRL reference values are below 25 μg/L in females and 20 μg/L in males. However, recently has been proposed a new concept homeostatic functionally increased transient prolactinemia (HomeoFIT-PRL). This represents PRL values ranging from 25 to 100 μg/L and it is like a "physiological hyperprolactinemia". PRL has action in hypothalamus, liver, adipose tissue, lipid profile and glucose. The pathological increase PRL is associated a predisposition to metabolic diseases, such as obesity. Hypoprolactinemia has been associated with metabolic effects similar to hyperprolactinemia. However, there are few studies in this area and the mechanisms are not well understood. Regarding therapy, various authors have studied the metabolic improvement arising from treatments used to normalize PRL levels. Currently, dopamine agonists, namely bromocriptine, are treatment options in metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus type 2. Finally, we conclude that PRL levels and the physio-pathological context influence the PRL action. Furthermore, its understanding is fundamental to follow-up these patients.

Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Efeitos metabólicos, Prolactina, Metabolic effects, Prolactin

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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