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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2025
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Seletividade Alimentar em Crianças Autistas

Authors: Oliveira, Cristiana Ferreira;

Seletividade Alimentar em Crianças Autistas

Abstract

Introdução: A seletividade alimentar na infância é um problema comum, com relevo ainda maior em crianças com Perturbação do Espectro do Autismo (PEA), podendo afetar o seu estado nutricional e a dinâmica familiar. Apesar da sua elevada prevalência, continua a ser subvalorizada na prática clínica.Objetivo: Caracterizar as dificuldades alimentares em crianças com PEA e avaliar o seu impacto no quotidiano familiar, com base na perceção dos cuidadores.Materiais e Métodos: Estudo observacional, descritivo e analítico, de base transversal, com uma amostra de conveniência de 53 crianças com PEA seguidas no Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança do Hospital Pediátrico da ULS Coimbra. A recolha de dados foi efetuada através de um questionário aplicado aos cuidadores, que abordou padrões alimentares, comportamento nas refeições, impacto familiar e dados antropométricos. Foram aplicados testes estatísticos adequados para comparação entre grupos e análise de associações.Resultados: Verificou-se que 71,7% das crianças apresentavam dificuldades alimentares, sendo que a preocupação mais reportada foi a restrição alimentar (73,7%). Crianças com dificuldades alimentares apresentaram consumo significativamente inferior de leguminosas (7,9% vs. 53,3%; p<0,001), proteínas (28,9% vs. 86,7%; p=0,001), fruta (34,2% vs. 93,3%; p=0,001), cereais e tubérculos (65,8% vs 100%, p=0,033) e legumes e verduras (13,2% vs. 60,0%; p=0,001). Apesar de não se observar associação significativa com o IMC (p=0,226) nem com a necessidade de suplementação, 8,6% apresentavam baixo peso e 21,1% recorriam a suplementação vitamínica ou outra. A presença de dificuldades alimentares esteve associada a maior ansiedade parental durante as refeições (p<0,001), sem aumento proporcional do uso de estratégias adaptativas.Discussão: Os resultados reforçam a elevada prevalência da seletividade alimentar em crianças com PEA, com tendência para padrões dietéticos menos variados. A ausência de estratégias parentais adaptativas, apesar do aumento do stress, sugere exaustão dos cuidadores e destaca a necessidade de intervenções estruturadas e apoio especializado. Conclusão: É fundamental integrar a avaliação das dificuldades alimentares no seguimento clínico de crianças com PEA, promovendo abordagens preventivas e multidisciplinares.

Introduction: Food selectivity in childhood is a common issue, with even greater relevance in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), potentially affecting their nutritional status and family dynamics. Despite its high prevalence, it remains undervalued in clinical practice. Objective: To characterize feeding difficulties in children with ASD and assess their impact on family life, based on caregivers’ perceptions.Materials and Methods: Observational, descriptive, and analytical cross-sectional study with a convenience sample of 53 children with ASD followed at the Child Development Center of the Pediatric Hospital of ULS Coimbra. Data collection was carried out through a questionnaire administered to caregivers, which addressed eating patterns, mealtime behavior, family impact, and anthropometric data. Appropriate statistical tests were applied to compare groups and analyze associations.Results: It was found that 71.7% of the children had feeding difficulties, with the most reported concern being food restriction (73.7%). Children with feeding difficulties had significantly lower intake of legumes (7.9% vs. 53.3%; p<0.001), proteins (28.9% vs. 86.7%; p=0.001), fruit (34.2% vs. 93.3%; p=0.001), cereals and tubers (65.8% vs. 100%, p=0.033), and vegetables and greens (13.2% vs. 60.0%; p=0.001). Although no significant association was observed with BMI (p=0.226) or the need for supplementation, 8.6% were underweight and 21.1% used vitamin or other supplementation. The presence of feeding difficulties was associated with higher parental anxiety during meals (p<0.001), without a proportional increase in the use of adaptive strategies.Discussion: The results reinforce the high prevalence of food selectivity in children with ASD, with a tendency toward less varied dietary patterns. The lack of adaptive parental strategies, despite increased stress, suggests caregiver exhaustion and highlights the need for structured interventions and specialized support.Conclusion: It is essential to integrate the assessment of feeding difficulties into the clinical follow-up of children with ASD, promoting preventive and multidisciplinary approaches.

Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Parental Stress, Food Selectivity, Perturbação do Espetro do Autismo, Seletividade Alimentar, Stress Parental, Austism Spectrum Disorder

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green