
handle: 10316/119564
As telomeropatias constituem um grupo de doenças genéticas raras, multissistémicas e progressivas, associadas ao encurtamento dos telómeros. Apresentamos o caso de um doente do sexo masculino, 50 anos, com história de cirrose hepática criptogénica desde os 25 anos, a quem foi posteriormente diagnosticada fibrose pulmonar progressiva, com padrão imagiológico compatível com fibroelastose pleuroparenquimatosa. A ausência de fatores ambientais e o início precoce da doença levantaram a suspeita de etiologia genética. O estudo genético identificou uma variante patogénica no gene TERT, confirmando o diagnóstico de telomeropatia. O doente foi submetido a transplante hepático e iniciou terapêutica antifibrótica com pirfenidona, com melhoria clínica. Encontra-se atualmente em espera para transplante pulmonar. Este caso realça a importância de uma abordagem multidisciplinar e da investigação etiológica aprofundada em doentes jovens com fibrose pulmonar e disfunção hepática. A identificação precoce de mutações genéticas tem implicações significativas no seguimento clínico, na estratificação prognóstica e no aconselhamento genético. Destaca-se ainda o papel emergente da terapêutica antifibrótica e a relevância crescente da genética na medicina de precisão.
Telomeropathies are a group of rare, multisystemic, progressive genetic disorders associated with telomere shortening. We present the case of a 50-year-old male with cryptogenic liver cirrhosis diagnosed at age 25, who later developed progressive pulmonary fibrosis with imaging features consistent with pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis. The absence of environmental exposures and the early disease onset raised suspicion of a genetic cause. Genetic testing identified a pathogenic TERT variant, confirming the diagnosis of a telomeropathy. The patient underwent orthotopic liver transplantation and began antifibrotic therapy with pirfenidone, reporting clinical improvement. He is currently undergoing evaluation for lung transplantation. This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and thorough etiological investigation in young patients with interstitial lung disease and hepatic dysfunction. Early identification of genetic mutations has significant implications for clinical management, prognostic stratification, and genetic counselling. The emerging role of antifibrotic therapy and the growing relevance of genetics in precision medicine are also underscored.
Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina
Liver Cirrhosis, Short Telomere Syndrome, Telomeropatia, Pulmonary Fibrosis, Cirrose Hepática, Síndrome dos Telómeros Curtos, Case Report, Fibrose Pulmonar, Telomeropathy, Caso Clínico
Liver Cirrhosis, Short Telomere Syndrome, Telomeropatia, Pulmonary Fibrosis, Cirrose Hepática, Síndrome dos Telómeros Curtos, Case Report, Fibrose Pulmonar, Telomeropathy, Caso Clínico
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