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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2024
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Instrumentation for monitoring Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs)

Authors: Fernandes, João Afonso Dinis;

Instrumentation for monitoring Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs)

Abstract

As Correntes Geomagneticamente Induzidas (GICs) resultam de variações rápidas no campo geomagnético terrestre, causadas pelo vento solar altamente energético, e da condutividade finita da Terra. Estas correntes fluem à superfície da Terra e ao longo de infraestruturas condutoras e aterradas, como as redes de transporte de energia elétrica. Em tais sistemas, as GICs representam riscos significativos, uma vez que podem causar saturação nos transformadores de potência, levando a flutuações de tensão e, em casos extremos, a apagões na rede elétrica. A monitorização e mitigação eficaz de GICs são essenciais para prevenir falhas de energia em grande escala e manter a estabilidade da rede elétrica.O trabalho deste projeto centra-se no desenvolvimento e instalação de um sistema de medição que monitoriza as correntes elétricas no cabo neutro de um transformador numa subestação elétrica. O sistema proposto, designado ENERGIC, baseia-se numa geração anterior do sistema de medição, abordando algumas das limitações que foram observadas. O sistema apresentado oferece maior sensibilidade às GICs, melhor isolamento mecânico, acesso melhorado aos dados para visualização em tempo real e maior autonomia energética com alertas integrados para anomalias.O sistema proposto utiliza um sensor de efeito Hall e uma placa de aquisição de dados para medir e registar estas correntes. O processamento é realizado por uma Raspberry Pi, permitindo a utilização de scripts em Python e bibliotecas Python que suportam o desenvolvimento do software necessário para as tarefas de medição. Os dados são armazenados continuamente numa base de dados de séries temporais InfluxDB, tanto local como remotamente, e podem ser visualizados de forma interativa numa dashboard personalizável através da interface web do Grafana. O sistema está protegido contra paragens inesperadas provocadas por interrupções de energia e/ou falhas momentâneas na rede elétrica através de uma fonte de alimentação ininterrupta e monitoriza métricas relacionadas com a energia do sistema, como o consumo de energia e nível da bateria.A 10 de setembro de 2024, o sistema ENERGIC foi instalado com sucesso no cabo neutro do transformador de potência TRF6, na subestação de Paraimo da REN.

Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) are the result of rapid variations in the Earth's geomagnetic field, caused by highly energized solar wind, and of the Earth's finite conductivity. These currents flow on the Earth's surface and along grounded conductive infrastructure, such as transmission power networks. In such systems, GICs pose a significant risk, as they can cause saturation in power transformers, leading to voltage instability and, in extreme cases, system-wide blackouts. Effective monitoring and mitigation of GICs are essential for preventing widespread outages and maintaining power grid stability.This project's work focuses on the development and installation of a measurement system that monitors the electric currents in the neutral cable of a power transformer at a substation. The proposed system, designated as ENERGIC, builds upon a previous generation of the measurement system, addressing some of the limitations that were observed. The system presented here offers increased sensitivity to GICs, enhanced mechanical isolation, improved dataaccess for real-time telemetry visualization, and better power autonomy with integratedanomaly alerts.The proposed system employs a Hall effect sensor and a data acquisition board to measure and record these currents. The processing is performed by a Raspberry Pi, allowing for Python scripting and the use of Python libraries that support the development of the software required for the measurement tasks. The data is stored continuously in both a local and a remote InfluxDB time-series database, and it can be interactively visualized on a customizable dashboard using the Grafana web interface. An uninterruptible power supply protects the system against unexpected shutdowns caused by power outages and/or momentary faults in the electric supply and monitors power-related metrics of the system such as its power usage and battery level.On September 10, 2024, the ENERGIC system was successfully installed on the neutral cable of the TRF6 power transformer at REN's Paraimo substation.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia Física apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Meteorologia Espacial, Geomagnetically Induced Currents, Sistema de Medição de GICs, GIC Measurement System, Correntes Geomagneticamente Induzidas, Rede de Transmissão Elétrica, Hall Effect Sensor, Space Weather, Sensor de Efeito Hall, Power Transmission Grid

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green