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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2024
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Effects of Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) on the Foraging Behaviour of Cory's shearwater (Calonectris borealis)

Authors: Neves, André Marques;

Effects of Artificial Light at Night (ALAN) on the Foraging Behaviour of Cory's shearwater (Calonectris borealis)

Abstract

A poluição luminosa é uma ameaça crescente para as aves marinhas. O crescente uso antropogénico de luz artificial à noite (ALAN) está a alterar as paisagens naturais a nível mundial, o que afeta negativamente as aves marinhas. As aves marinhas pelágicas são importantes bioindicadores dos ecossistemas marinhos e constituem um dos grupos de aves marinhas mais ameaçados, pelo que avaliámos a exposição de indivíduos adultos de cagarra (Calonectris borealis), pertencentes a uma colónia oceânica, à ALAN costeira e offshore nas suas viagens de procura de alimento, durante a época de reprodução de 2023. Analisámos também como a exposição à ALAN pode ser estimada em função da fase reprodutiva, sexo ou audácia (i.e., perfil de personalidade). Dado que a maioria das deteções de luz foram obtidas em áreas offshore, avaliámos a probabilidade de interação com a ALAN proveniente de embarcações de pesca e transporte marítimo. Deste modo, equipámos os indivíduos adultos de cagarra com dispositivos GPS e geolocalizadores. O uso combinado destes dispositivos revelou que as aves realizaram longas viagens para procura de alimento em direção a latitudes mais a norte, sugerindo que estas procuram alimento em áreas produtivas bem conhecidas. Durante as viagens longas para procura de alimento em direção a essas áreas, os geolocalizadores registaram deteções de luz artificial. Os valores de luz detetados pelos geolocalizadores foram mais elevados durante a incubação, o que sugere que, durante esse período, as aves podem ter interagido mais com fontes de ALAN no mar, durante a noite. Os machos e as aves tímidas também pareceram interagir mais com fontes de ALAN, o que sugere que os machos podem excluir as fêmeas por competição e que as aves tímidas podem passar mais tempo a tentar aceder a recursos fornecidos pelas pescas. Os valores de luz foram mais elevados com o aumento do esforço das embarcações de pesca com palangre e redes de emalhar, o que sugere que estes tipos de embarcações podem atrair as aves, provavelmente devido às luzes artificiais que utilizam durante a pesca e aos recursos alimentares que estas fornecem. As aves também experienciaram mais ALAN com o aumento da densidade de embarcações comerciais, o que pode indicar que as aves podem intersetar as rotas marítimas utilizadas por essas embarcações. Assim, os nossos resultados demonstram que a utilização combinada de dispositivos GPS e geolocalizadores é uma ferramenta útil para avaliar as interações das aves marinhas com fontes de ALAN. Além disso, salientam a necessidade de investigação futura para uma melhor compreensão dos mecanismos pelos quais as aves marinhas são afetadas pela ALAN e para a implementação de medidas de conservação para mitigar esta ameaça.

Light pollution is an emerging threat for seabirds. The increasing anthropogenic use of artificial light at night (ALAN) is changing natural landscapes worldwide, which negatively affect seabirds. Pelagic seabirds are important bioindicators of marine ecosystems and are one of the most threatened group of seabirds, hence we evaluated the exposure of adult Cory’s shearwater (Calonectris borealis) from an oceanic colony to coastal and offshore ALAN in their foraging trips, during the 2023 breeding season. We also assessed how exposure to ALAN can be predicted by breeding phase, sex or boldness (the personality profile). Since most of light detections were obtained in offshore areas, we evaluated the probability of interaction with ALAN from fishing and shipping vessels. Thus, we tagged adult Cory’s shearwaters with GPS devices and light level geolocators. The combined use of these devices revealed that birds exhibited long foraging ranges towards northern latitudes, suggesting that they forage in well-known productive areas. During long foraging trips towards those areas, geolocators recorded artificial light detections. Lux values detected by geolocators were higher during incubation, suggesting that during this period birds may have interacted more with ALAN sources at-sea during the night. Male and shy birds also seemed to interact more with ALAN sources, suggesting males may exclude females through competition and shy birds may spend more time trying to access resources provided by fisheries. Lux values were higher with increasing effort of longline and gillnet vessels, suggesting these types of fisheries may attract birds probably due to the artificial lights they use during the fishing process, and the food resources they provide. Birds also experienced more ALAN with increasing density of commercial vessels, which may indicate that birds can intersect maritime routes used by those vessels. Therefore, our results demonstrate that the combined use of GPS tracking devices with geolocators is a useful tool to assess seabird interactions with ALAN. Moreover, they emphasize the need of future research to better understand the mechanisms why seabirds are affected by ALAN and to implement conservation measures to mitigate this threat.

Outro - Esta Dissertação foi realizada com o apoio logístico e financeiro do projeto LIFE Nature@night project (LIFE20 NAT/PT/00109), coordenado pela SPEA – Sociedade Portuguesa para o Estudo das Aves e financiado pela União Europeia (https://naturaatnight.spea.pt)

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ecologia apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Procura de alimento, Interações aves marinhas-ALAN, Seabird-ALAN interactions, Pesca, Fisheries, Foraging, Perfil de personalidade, Geolocators, Personality profile, Geolocalizadores

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green