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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2024
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A Influência das alterações térmicas no Processo de Identificação em Antropologia Forense

Authors: Fernandes, João Filipe Alves;

A Influência das alterações térmicas no Processo de Identificação em Antropologia Forense

Abstract

A análise de remanescentes esqueléticos queimados é bastante desafiante. O processo de identificação em Antropologia Forense é dificultado pelas alterações que os ossos sofrem quando sujeitos a queimas. O principal objetivo do trabalho passa por estudar a aplicabilidade e a concordância pré- e pós queima, em esqueletos experimentalmente queimados, de métodos tradicionalmente utilizados no processo de identificação em Antropologia Forense, com especial enfoque nos usados para a estimativa dos quatro parâmetros do perfil biológico.Para tal, aplicaram-se os métodos de Wasterlain (2000), de Brůžek (2002), de Murail e colegas (2005), de Gonçalves e colegas (2013a), de Curate e colegas (2016) e de Escoval (2016) para a estimativa do sexo. Para a estimativa da idade à morte recorreu-se aos métodos de Brooks e Suchey (1990), de Iscan e colegas (1986), de DiGangi e colegas (2009) e de Rougé-Maillart e colegas (2009). O método de Bunning e Barnet (1965) foi empregue para a estimativa da afinidade populacional. Os métodos de Mendonça (2000) e de Cordeiro e colegas (2009) foram utilizados para a estimativa da estatura. Além destes, ainda foram calculados os indicies platiméricos e pilástrico do fémur e os índices cnémico e de robustez da tíbia. Estes métodos foram aplicados numa amostra de doze esqueletos experimentalmente queimados, provenientes da Colecção de Esqueletos Identificados Século XXI (CEI/XXI). Para calcular a concordância pré- e pós-queima recorreu-se ao AC1 (agreement coefficient of first order chance correction) de Gwet (2008). Para cada método foram listadas as melhores e as piores concordâncias. Estas foram comparadas com as obtidas nos trabalhos de Rodrigues e colegas (2021,2022). Na maioria, os métodos/características analisados obtiveram concordâncias distintas das obtidas nos trabalhos supracitados. Os métodos aplicados em indivíduos com queimas ≥700°C tendem a apresentar uma menor concordância pré-e pós-queima em comparação com os indivíduos com queima <700°C. Apesar destes resultados não se pode negligenciar o impacto que as queimas a temperaturas <700°C tem nos esqueletos.As fraturas, a deformação, as alterações da dimensão óssea e a fragilidade do material esqueléticos foram as principais alterações provocadas pela queima que influenciaram a aplicação dos métodos métricos. A fragmentação e a fragilidade do material esquelético foram os maiores entraves da correta aplicação dos métodos morfológicos. Este estudo contribui para um melhor entendimento do impacto da queima nos métodos tradicionalmente utilizados em esqueletos não queimados.

The analysis of burned skeletal remains is quite challenging. The identification process in forensic anthropology is hindered by heat-induced alterations. The main goal of this dissertation is to assess the applicability and pre- and post-burning agreement, in skeletons experimentally burned for this purpose, of traditionally used methods in the identification process in forensic anthropology, with a special focus on those used for estimating the four parameters of the biological profile.The methods of Wasterlain (2000), Brůžek (2002), Murail et al. (2005), Gonçalves et al. (2013a), Curate et al. (2016), and Escoval (2016) were applied for sex estimation. For age-at-death estimation, Brooks and Suchey (1990), Iscan et al. (1986), DiGangi et al. (2009), and Rougé-Maillart et al. (2009) methods were used. The method of Bunning and Barnet (1965) was utilized for estimating population affinity, and Mendonça (2000) and Cordeiro et al. (2009) methods were used for stature estimation. Additionally, the platymeric and pilastric femur indexes and the cnemic and robustness tibia indexes were calculated.These methods were applied to a sample of twelve experimentally burned skeletons, from the 21st Century Identified Skeletal Collection (CEI/XXI). To calculate pre- and post-burning agreement, we used AC1 (agreement coefficient of first order chance correction) from Gwet (2008).For each method, the best and worst agreements were listed. These were compared with those obtained in the work of Rodrigues and colleagues (2021,2022). In most cases, the methods/characteristics analyzed obtained different agreements from those obtained in the aforementioned studies. The methods applied to individuals with ≥700°C burns tend to show lower pre- and post-burn agreement compared to individuals with <700°C burns. Despite these results, the impact of <700°C burns on skeletons should not be neglected.Fractures, deformation and bone size changes and fragility of the skeletal material were the main alterations caused by burning which influences the application of metric methods. The fragmentation and fragility of skeletal material were the major obstacles to the correct application of morphological methods. This study contributes to a better insight into the impact of burning in traditionally used methods on unburned skeletons.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Antropologia Forense apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Métodos morfológicos, Processo de identificação, Identification process, Ossos queimados, Métodos métricos, Concordância, Metric methods, Burned bones, Morphological methods, Agreement

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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