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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2024
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Role of Piezo1 in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation: Dissecting the role of Piezo1 activation in the retina

Authors: Ribeiro, Ricardo Jorge Machado;

Role of Piezo1 in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation: Dissecting the role of Piezo1 activation in the retina

Abstract

O glaucoma é uma das principais causas de cegueira em todo o mundo, e a pressão intraocular elevada desempenha um papel crucial no início e progressão da doença. Esta doença neurodegenerativa é caracterizada pela perda de células ganglionares da retina e dano no nervo ótico. Estudos anteriores demonstraram que o controlo da neuroinflamação mediada pelas células da microglia é suficiente para prevenir a morte das células ganglionares da retina. Também foi descrito, pelo nosso grupo, que as células da microglia libertam fatores citotóxicos em condições de pressão elevada, levando à morte das células da retina. No entanto, a forma como as células da microglia detetam aumentos de pressão ainda não está completamente esclarecida.O Piezo1 é um canal iónico mecanossensível que deteta alterações de pressão e tem sido relacionado com várias doenças neurodegenerativas, como as doenças de Alzheimer e Parkinson. O Piezo1 é expresso nas células da microglia e na retina, no entanto, o seu papel no glaucoma, especialmente nas células da microglia da retina em condições de pressão elevada, ainda não está claro. Assim, neste trabalho, pretendemos estudar o papel do Piezo1 na neuroinflamação mediada pelas células da microglia, bem como na retina.Neste estudo, as células BV-2, uma linha celular de microglia, foram incubadas com Yoda1 (agonista do Piezo1) e GsMTx4 (inibidor do Piezo1). As células foram expostas a pressão hidrostática elevada, como um modelo in vitro de glaucoma. As experiências de imunocitoquímica para Piezo1 e a imagiologia de cálcio de célula única foram realizadas para estudar a presença e função do Piezo1. O papel do Piezo1 na migração das células da microglia, na produção e libertação de ATP e no ambiente inflamatório também foi avaliado. Murganhos C57BL/6J foram injetados no vítreo com Yoda1 e o papel do Piezo1 na reatividade glial e morte celular da retina foi avaliado em criossecções de retina 24 horas e 7 dias após a injeção.O nosso trabalho mostrou que o Piezo1 está presente e funcional nas células BV-2. A ativação do Piezo1 desencadeia influxo de cálcio, modula o ambiente inflamatório e afeta a migração celular, sugerindo um papel do Piezo1 na reatividade das células da microglia. Na retina, a ativação do Piezo1 desencadeou reatividade glial e recrutamento da microglia. Notavelmente, embora um aumento da morte celular tenha sido observado 24 h após a injeção de Yoda1, este efeito diminuiu após sete dias, provavelmente devido à eliminação das células mortas pelas células da microglia ou a respostas adaptativas na retina.Em conclusão, mostrámos que o Piezo1 desempenha um papel multifacetado tanto na reatividade das células da microglia como na retina, embora os seus efeitos pareçam ser dependentes do contexto.

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) plays a crucial role in the onset and progression of the disease. This neurodegenerative disease is characterized by retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) loss and optic nerve damage. Previous studies showed that the control of microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is sufficient to prevent RGC death. It was also reported, by our group, that microglial cells release cytotoxic factors in conditions of elevated pressure leading to retinal death. However, how microglial cells detect pressure is not fully understood. Piezo1 is a mechanosensitive ion channel that detects pressure alterations, and it has been related to several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Piezo1 is expressed in microglia and retina, however, its role in glaucoma, especially in retinal microglia in elevated pressure conditions, is not clear yet. Herein, we aimed to elucidate the role of Piezo1 in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation as well as in the retina.In this study, microglial BV-2 cells were incubated with Yoda1 (Piezo1 agonist) and GsMTx4 (Piezo1 inhibitor). Moreover, cells were exposed to elevated hydrostatic pressure (EHP), as an in vitro model of glaucoma. Immunocytochemistry for Piezo1 and single-cell calcium imaging were performed to study the presence and function of Piezo1. The role of Piezo1 in microglial cell motility, ATP production and release, and the inflammatory environment were also assessed. C57BL/6J mice were injected intravitreally with Yoda1 and role of Piezo1 in glial reactivity and retinal cell death were assessed in retinal cryosections at 24 h and 7 days after injection.Our study demonstrated that Piezo1 is present and functional in BV-2 cells. Piezo1 activation triggers calcium influx, modulates the inflammatory environment, and affects cellular motility, suggesting a role for Piezo1 in microglial reactivity. In the retina, Piezo1 activation triggered glial reactivity and microglia recruitment. Notably, while an increase in cell death was observed shortly after Yoda1 injection, this effect diminished after seven days, potentially due to microglial clearance or adaptive responses within the retinal tissue.In conclusion, we found that Piezo1 plays a multifaceted role in both microglial and retinal reactivity, though its effects appear to be context dependent.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Investigação Biomédica apresentada à Faculdade de Medicina

FCT

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

retina, glaucoma, microglia, Piezo1, neuroinflamação, neuroinflammation

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green