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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2024
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Plasticidade neuronal na patologia oftalmológica

Authors: Rodrigues, Francisca de Gouveia Brazão;

Plasticidade neuronal na patologia oftalmológica

Abstract

A plasticidade é uma característica distinta, mas não exclusiva, do sistema nervoso. A plasticidade neuronal refere-se à capacidade de reorganização do cérebro, da estrutura e função das conexões sinápticas em resposta à experiência. Destacam-se duas formas de plasticidade: funcional e estrutural, apesar de serem conhecidas outras relevantes na expressão da plasticidade do córtex visual. A plasticidade neuronal desempenha um papel crucial no desenvolvimento do cérebro durante a infância, permitindo a adaptação e aprendizagem contínuas. A transição para a idade adulta implica uma redução na plasticidade dos circuitos nervosos. Imagens obtidas através de ressonância magnética funcional (RMNf) proporcionam estudo da atividade cerebral in vivo a fim de melhor compreender a plasticidade no córtex visual, bem como ocorrência de fenómenos de neuroadaptação após o implante de uma lente intraocular multifocal (LIO-MF).A plasticidade tem implicações importantes no tratamento de doenças oculares e cerebrais e na avaliação de materiais e técnicas cirúrgicas, incluindo cirurgia refrativa, cirurgia de catarata e correção de presbiopia.Este trabalho explora o potencial uso da RMNf na elucidação sobre as mudanças neuroplásticas associadas a patologias retinianas e avalia o papel das LIO-MF na abordagem de deficiências visuais. Além disso, adentra numa análise aprofundada dos mecanismos que regulam a organização retiniana e a sua plasticidade em cenários patológicos. Explora ainda a relação entre neuroplasticidade e ambliopia e as potenciais estratégias de reabilitação, oferecendo perspetivas valiosas para futuras abordagens terapêuticas.

Plasticity is a distinct, but not exclusive, characteristic of the nervous system. Neuronal plasticity refers to the ability of the brain to reorganize the structure and function of synaptic connections in response to experience. Two forms of plasticity stand out: functional and structural, although others that are relevant to the expression of plasticity in the visual cortex are known. Neuronal plasticity plays a crucial role in brain development during childhood, allowing for continuous adaptation and learning. The transition to adulthood implies a reduction in the plasticity of nervous circuits.Images obtained through functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have provided the study of brain activity in vivo to better understand plasticity in the visual cortex, as well as the occurrence of neuroadaptation phenomena after the implantation of a multifocal intraocular lens.Plasticity may have important implications for treating eye and brain diseases and evaluating surgical materials and techniques (including refractive surgery, cataract surgery, and presbyopia correction).This work explores the potential use of fMRI in elucidating neuroplastic changes associated with retinal pathologies and evaluates the role of MLIO in addressing visual impairments. Furthermore, it provides an in-depth analysis of the mechanisms that regulate retinal organization and its plasticity in pathological scenarios. It also explores the relationship between neuroplasticity and amblyopia and potential rehabilitation strategies, offering valuable perspectives for future therapeutic approaches.

Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina

Country
Portugal
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Keywords

INTRAOCULAR MULTIFOCAL LENSES, RESSONÂNCIA MAGNÉTICA FUNCIONAL, AMBLIOPIA, RETINAL PATHOLOGY, PLASTICIDADE NEURONAL, AMBLYOPIA, LENTE INTRAOCULAR MULTIFOCAL, FUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING, PATOLOGIA RETINIANA, NEUROPLASTICITY

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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