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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2024
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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A redescoberta da rotura do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior

Authors: Carlos, Sara Alexandra Paulino e;

A redescoberta da rotura do Ligamento Cruzado Anterior

Abstract

A rotura do ligamento cruzado anterior é uma lesão com grande destaque para os futebolistas, uma vez que implica uma ausência prolongada da prática desportiva e tem consequências como a osteoartrite. Esta lesão é mais comum nas mulheres e é de natureza multifatorial, tendo-lhe sido atribuídos inúmeros mecanismos intrínsecos (anatómicos, neuromusculares, biomecânicos e hormonais) e extrínsecos (condições em que ocorre a lesão).O foco mediático em relação ao desporto feminino tem proporcionado o aumento exponencial da prática desportiva, nomeadamente do futebol feminino, ganhando algum destaque a cobertura jornalística deste tipo de eventos nos principais jornais nacionais e internacionais.Este artigo de revisão tem como objetivo confirmar a literatura e verificar a existência de literatura/comunicação científica, em Portugal, sobre a rotura do ligamento cruzado em mulheres futebolistas.Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica através das bases de dados PubMed e SciELO, bem como em websites das principais organizações de futebol e jornais desportivos nacionais e internacionais. Foram considerados os artigos desde 1981 até 2023 e identificaram-se 523 artigos, com análise completa de 48 e posterior inclusão de 34 nesta revisão.Os artigos foram divididos e analisados pelas décadas de 90, 2000 e 2010-atualidade e subdivididos pelos fatores alvos de investigação.Ao longo da década de 90, verifica-se o início do crescimento do interesse no futebol feminino com as primeiras edições dos mundiais desta categoria. Registou-se nesta altura um aumento da incidência da rotura do LCA em mulheres e tentou-se estabelecer fatores de risco. Foi questionada a falta de habilidade das atletas, o ciclo menstrual e fatores anatómicos e neuromusculares, concluindo-se haver uma etiologia multifatorial.Na década de 2000, destacou-se o desenvolvimento de programas neuromusculares de prevenção de lesões, investigação acerca do equipamento utilizado e das condições climáticas nas quais o desporto é praticado. Não foi possível haver um consenso sobre os efeitos do ciclo menstrual e da contraceção na incidência de roturas do LCA. Descartou-se haver um papel da fadiga ou uma tendência hereditária na maior incidência de lesões.Desde 2010, manteve-se o desenvolvimento de estratégias de prevenção neuromuscular, com foco adicional controlo postural e na estabilidade do tronco. Surgiu a problemática da utilização de relva sintética, a falta de condições e menores orçamentos das equipas e a idade como fatores associados a uma maior incidência de rotura do LCA.Apesar do maior interesse no estudo da rotura do LCA em mulheres futebolistas, a literatura existente focada nesta população continua a ser escassa (sobretudo em Portugal), sendo necessários novos estudos especificamente sobre futebolistas do sexo feminino para desenvolver estratégias melhores de prevenção e tratamento desta lesão que, apesar dos esforços feitos, continua com uma incidência crescente.

The rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament is a particularly important injury for football players, as it involves a prolonged absence from playing sports and has consequences such as osteoarthritis. This injury is more common in women and is multifactorial in nature, having been attributed to numerous intrinsic (anatomical, neuromuscular, biomechanical and hormonal) and extrinsic (conditions under which the injury occurs) mechanisms.The media focus on women's sport has led to an exponential increase in sports practice, particularly women's football, with journalistic coverage of this type of event in the main national and international newspapers gaining some prominence.This review article aims to confirm the literature and verify the existence of literature/ scientific communication, in Portugal, on cruciate ligament rupture in female football players.A bibliographical search was carried out through the PubMed and SciELO databases, as well as on websites of the main football organizations and national and international sports newspapers. Articles from 1981 to 2023 were considered and 523 articles were identified, with a complete analysis of 48 and subsequent inclusion of 34 in this review.The articles were divided and analyzed by decades into the 90s, 2000s and 2010s-current and subdivided by the factors targeted by investigation.Throughout the 90s, interest in women's football began to grow with the first editions of the World Cup in this category. At this time, an increase in the incidence of ACL tears in women was recorded and attempts were made to establish risk factors. The athletes' lack of ability, the menstrual cycle and anatomical and neuromuscular factors were questioned, concluding that the injury was due to a multifactorial etiology.In the 2000s, the development of neuromuscular injury prevention programs and research into the equipment used and the climatic conditions in which the sport is practiced stood out. It was not possible to reach a consensus on the effects of the menstrual cycle and contraception on the incidence of ACL tears. It was ruled out that there was a role for fatigue or a hereditary tendency in the higher incidence of injuries.Since 2010, the development of neuromuscular prevention strategies has continued, with an additional focus on postural control and trunk stability. The problem of using synthetic grass, the lack of conditions and smaller team budgets and age emerged as factors associated with a higher incidence of ACL rupture.Despite the greater interest in the study of ACL rupture in female football players, existing literature focused on this population continues to be scarce (especially in Portugal), requiring new studies specifically on female football players to develop better strategies for preventing and treating this injury. which, despite the efforts made, continues to have a growing incidence.

Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina

Related Organizations
Keywords

Soccer, Football, Futebol, Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Ligamento Cruzado Anterior, Female Athlete, Atleta Feminina

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green