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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2024
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Hemorragias Uterinas na Adolescência: A imaturidade do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-ovário

Authors: Gomes, Andreia Cabral;

Hemorragias Uterinas na Adolescência: A imaturidade do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-ovário

Abstract

A hemorragia uterina anormal (HUA), em mulheres em idade fértil e não gestantes, define-se como qualquer alteração na frequência, regularidade, duração ou volume normais da menstruação, ou ainda, como uma hemorragia intermenstrual não programada que pode ocorrer, por exemplo, em mulheres sob contraceção hormonal. É uma das queixas mais comuns na população feminina adolescente, sendo a causa mais frequente a anovulação associada à imaturidade do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-ovário. Nos últimos anos, foram implementadas algumas alterações com o objetivo de padronizar a nomenclatura, a avaliação e a gestão da HUA em adolescentes. Dada a elevada prevalência destes diagnósticos nesta população e o seu efeito negativo na qualidade de vida, os prestadores de cuidados de saúde devem ser capazes de reconhecer um padrão menstrual anormal e procurar fornecer cuidados atualizados e baseados em evidências, embora persista alguma variabilidade. A classificação PALM-COEIN deve ser usada na avaliação. A avaliação deve focar-se em excluir as etiologias mais comuns de HUA nas adolescentes - as causas não estruturais - visto a imaturidade do eixo hipotálamohipófise-ovário ser um diagnóstico de exclusão. A história clínica, o exame objetivo e os exames complementares de diagnóstico são fundamentais no diagnóstico diferencial. A abordagem terapêutica deve basear-se na etiologia subjacente e na gravidade da hemorragia, sendo frequentemente necessária uma abordagem multidisciplinar. A maioria das doentes melhora com terapêutica farmacológica, sendo a primeira linha constituída pelo tratamento hormonal. Raramente é necessário tratamento cirúrgico. O objetivo deste trabalho é rever a definição existente, contextos etiológicos, fisiopatologia, avaliação e orientação terapêutica da HUA em adolescentes, salientando a nomenclatura universalmente aceite na atualidade e as orientações para uso na prática clínica.

Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is, implicitly, non-gestational and in the reproductive years. Any alteration in the normal frequency, regularity, duration, or volume of menstrual bleeding as well as intermenstrual bleeding and unscheduled bleeding with pharmaceutical agents designed to suppress menstrual function. It is one of the most common complaints in the adolescent female population, with anovulation associated with the immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis being the most frequent cause. In recent years, changes have been made to standardize nomenclature, evaluation, and management of AUB in adolescents. Due to a high prevalence of these diagnoses in this population and their implact on quality of life, heathcare providers should be able to recognize abnormal menstrual patterns and strive to provide updated, evidence-based care, although some variability persists. The PALM-COEIN classification should be used in the evaluation. The assessment should focus on excluding the most common causes of AUB in adolescents – non-structural causes – as the immaturity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis is a diagnosis of exclusion. Clinical history, physical examination and complementary tests are essential in the differential diagnosis. The therapeutic approach should be based on the underlying etiology and the severity of bleeding, often requiring a multidisciplinary approch. Most patients improve with pharmacological therapy, with hormonal treatment being the first-line approach. Surgical treatment is rarely needed. The aim of this work is to review the existing definition, etiologies, pathophysiology, evaluation, and management of AUB in adolescent females, highlignting the current universally accepted nomenclature and guidelines for use in clinical practice.

Trabalho Final do Mestrado Integrado em Medicina apresentado à Faculdade de Medicina

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

anovulação, hemorragia uterina anormal, adolescentes, Abnormal Uterine Bleeding, Adolescents, Anovulation

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green