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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2024
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Reconhecimento Facial e Justiça Penal

Authors: Pinho, Luana Cláudia Pinto da Rocha;

Reconhecimento Facial e Justiça Penal

Abstract

A discussão sobre a regulamentação da Inteligência Artificial tem estado na ordem do dia em todo o Mundo. A admissibilidade da implementação dos sistemas de reconhecimento facial à ordem do nosso quotidiano, e especialmente em locais acessíveis ao público, para efeitos da manutenção da ordem pública, tem sido alvo de acentuada atenção em face de toda a problemática que lhes é subjacente, como a opacidade, a imprecisão, a discriminação, e a possibilidade de serem implantados para efeitos de vigilância em massa, que levaria ao controlo e repressão da sociedade.Paralelamente, também se levantam múltiplos aspetos positivos que tem de ser obrigatoriamente considerados, como a sua afetação à prevenção e investigação de criminalidade grave, como ataques terroristas e criminalidade altamente organizada, além de ser promissora para encontrar vítimas de crimes e pessoas desaparecidas. No entanto, como os sistemas de reconhecimento facial tem a potencialidade de contender com diversos princípios e direitos fundamentais, tanto a nível substantivo como processual, como no direito à reserva da vida íntima e privada, direito à imagem, o direito à defesa e princípio da presunção de inocência, exige-se uma ponderação e uma regulamentação cautelosa, em perspetiva do presente e do futuro.Diante deste cenário desafiador, a Comissão Europeia, o Parlamento Europeu e o Conselho elaboraram propostas de regulamentação da IA, que acabaram por abordar o emprego daquela tecnologia para efeitos de manutenção da ordem pública de formas bastantes distintas. Torna-se, portanto, essencial compreender o panorama em que nos inserimos e realizar uma ponderação sobre o emprego destes sistemas, tanto numa fase preventiva como, e consequentemente, na fase processual.

The discussion on the regulation of Artificial Intelligence has been on the agenda worldwide. The admissibility of implementation of facial recognition systems into our daily lives, and especially fin places accessible to the public, for the purpose of law enforcement, has been subject of significant attention due to all the problems underlying them, such as opacity, imprecision, discrimination, and the possibility of being deployed for the purposes of mass surveillance, which lead to the control and repression of society.At the same time, there are also multiple positive aspects that must be considered, such as its use on prevention and investigation of serious crimes, namely terrorists attacks and highly organized crime, in addition to being promising for finding victims of crimes and missing people. However, as facial recognition systems have the potential to impact several principal and fundamental rights, both at a substantive and procedural level, such as the right to private and intimate life, the right to image, the right to defense, and the principle of presumption of innocence; careful consideration and regulation are demanded, both in consideration of a present and future perspective. Faced with this challenging scenario, the European Commission, the European Parliament, and the Council prepared proposal for regulating AI, which ended up addressing the use of facial recognition systems for the purpose of maintaining public order in very different ways. It is, therefore, essential to understand the panorama in which we operate and consider the use of these systems, in the preventive phase and, consequently, in the criminal procedural phase.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Ciências Jurídico-Forenses apresentada à Faculdade de Direito

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Reconhecimento facial, Admissibilidade da prova, Fundamental Rights, Direitos Fundamentais, Propostas de Regulamento da IA, Admissibility of evidence, Law enforcement, Facial Recognition, Proposals for IA regulations, Manutenção da Ordem Pública

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green