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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2023
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Relatorio de estagio e Monografia: "Radicais livres e oxidantes no envelhecimento e em doenças neurodegenerativas: novos mecanismos moleculares e processos celulares"

Authors: Marques, Mateus Santos;

Relatorio de estagio e Monografia: "Radicais livres e oxidantes no envelhecimento e em doenças neurodegenerativas: novos mecanismos moleculares e processos celulares"

Abstract

Os radicais livres e oxidantes foram descobertos no meio biológico há mais de 60 anos e desde então têm sido alvo de estudo ao longo de várias décadas, usados como base para várias teorias relativas ao envelhecimento celular devido ao elevado poder oxidativo resultando no fenómeno de stress oxidativo. A nível fisiológico tem um papel fundamental nas vias de sinalização para reparação de danos e como agonistas do sistema imunitário.Para além da síntese enzimática por famílias de enzimas, nomeadamente as NADPH oxidases e as Óxido nítrico sintases, a sua formação é mais proeminente a nível da mitocôndria, sugerindo que este organelo está mais exposto ao stress oxidativo. Este conceito levou a que a disfunção mitocondrial mediada por radicais livres constituísse uma das primeiras teorias doenvelhecimento. De facto, as alterações estruturais e funcionais pela oxidação através da ação de radicais livres estão presentes a diferentes níveis. Estas alterações a nível do DNA mitocondrial, homeostase do cálcio intracelular ou desequilíbrio do quociente NAD+/NADH têm implicações no bom funcionamento da mitocôndria e consequentemente, diminuição na formação de energia celular e ativação de mecanismos de envelhecimento e senescência.A disfunção molecular e celular associada à presença de radicais livres e oxidantes em concentrações elevadas está implicada na etiologia de várias doenças neurodegenerativas associadas com o envelhecimento, nomeadamente a doença de Alzheimer, a doença de Parkinson e a doença de Huntington tendo um possível papel causal bem como no seudesenvolvimento. De facto, o estado de inflamação crónica presente nestas patologias, a diminuição de sinapses e a morte neuronal parecem relacionar-se com a disfuncionalidade da mitocôndria dependente de radicais livres e oxidantes.Uma vez que as doenças neurodegenerativas associadas ao envelhecimento não têm ainda cura é pertinente explorar as novas descobertas relacionadas com a etiologia da doença. Nesta monografia discute-se esta problemática do ponto de vista da produção de radicais livres e oxidantes e da disfunção mitocondrial.

Free radicals and oxidants were discovered in the cells more than 60 years ago and have since been the subject of study for several decades, used as the basis for various theories relating ageing to their high oxidant capacity resulting in the phenomenon of oxidative stress. On a physiological level, they play a fundamental role in the signalling pathways for repairing damage and as agonists in the immune system. In addition to their enzymatic synthesis by enzyme families, notably NADP oxidases and nitric oxide synthase, the most prominent subcellular site for their production is the mitochondria, an organelle that might be most exposed to oxidative stress. This concept led to the formulation of the mitochondrial free radical theory of aging. Indeed, the alterations caused by oxidation through free radicals are present at different levels, including mitochondrial DNA, intracellular calcium homeostasis or the imbalance in the NAD+/NADH ratio and have implications for the proper functioning of mitochondria and, consequently, a decrease in on the formation of cellular energy and the activation of aging and senescence mechanisms.The cell and molecular dysfunction associated with free radicals and oxidants has been implicated in the etiology of aging-linked neurodegenerative diseases, namely Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's, and may play a role in their onset and development. In fact, the state of chronic inflammation present in these pathologies, the reduction in synapses and the high level of neuronal death might be critically related with mitochondrial dysfunction motivated by free radicals. Considering that the neurodegenerative diseases associated with aging have yet to be cured, it is highly pertinent to explore novel scientific developments related with the onset and developments of these diseases. In this work, I´ll discuss this theme in connection free radicals and mitochondrial dysfunction.

Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas apresentado à Faculdade de Farmácia

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Free Radicals, Radicais Livres, envelhecimento e senescência celula, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflamossoma, inflamossome, aging and cellular senescence

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
Green