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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2023
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Farmacocinética populacional da carbamazepina e da Carbamazepina-10,11-Epóxido em doentes com epilepsia refratária

Authors: Pedro, José Miguel Quaresma Henriques;

Farmacocinética populacional da carbamazepina e da Carbamazepina-10,11-Epóxido em doentes com epilepsia refratária

Abstract

De acordo com a Organização Mundial de Saúde, existem atualmente cerca de 50 milhões de pessoas diagnosticadas com epilepsia a nível mundial. Tendo em conta as implicações físicas, neurológicas, psiquiátricas e sociais, associadas a este distúrbio, bem como a sua elevada prevalência, é de extrema importância melhorar a qualidade de vida destes indivíduos. A farmacoterapia é o tratamento mais eficaz e frequente. No entanto, e apesar das dezenas de fármacos anticonvulsivantes disponíveis, 30-40% dos indivíduos não responde à terapêutica ou desenvolve efeitos adversos que comprometem a continuação do tratamento. A carbamazepina (CBZ) é um fármaco anticonvulsivante de primeira linha no tratamento das crises epiléticas focais, e que apresenta uma farmacocinética bastante complexa, com a formação de um metabolito ativo, a CBZ-10,11-epóxido (CBZE), responsável pelos principais efeitos adversos associados a este fármaco. Considerando as características farmacocinéticas da CBZ e, a fraca correlação entre a dose administrada e os efeitos farmacológicos, as concentrações plasmáticas da CBZ devem ser preferencialmente monitorizadas e o regime posológico definido de acordo com os parâmetros farmacocinéticos de cada doente. Neste contexto, o principal objetivo da presente tese consistiu na caracterização farmacocinética da CBZ, mas também do seu metabolito ativo. Tratou-se de um estudo retrospetivo que incluiu 41 doentes adultos diagnosticados com epilepsia refratária, seguidos no Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (Portugal) e, sujeitos ao doseamento da CBZ e do CBZE no plasma. Com base nestes valores, calcularam-se os parâmetros farmacocinéticos individuais recorrendo ao Software PKS®.A população em estudo apresentou uma concentração plasmática mediana de 7,86 mg/L (2,51-12,88 mg/L) e 1,36 mg/L (0,18-4,24 mg/L) para a CBZ e CBZE, respetivamente, e um valor mediano de 17,67%, da razão CBZE/CBZ. O valor mediano da clearance total foi de 4,19 L/h (1,75-10,90 L/h), enquanto o do volume de distribuição foi de 92,82 L (55,93-130,90 L). A coadministração de levetiracetam apresentou um efeito positivo na razão CBZE/CBZ, sugerindo que aumenta a formação do metabolito ativo, podendo comprometer a segurança do tratamento com CBZ. Em oposição, os restantes fármacos antiepiléticos coadministrados não apresentaram efeitos estatisticamente significativos sobre a farmacocinética da CBZ, nem na relação CBZE/CBZ. Assim, este estudo demonstrou a elevada variabilidade da razão CBZE/CBZ, sendo as interações farmacocinéticas com outros FAEs uma das razões subjacentes, nomeadamente a coadministração com levetiracetam a qual deve, idealmente, ser avaliada num maior número de doentes num futuro próximo.

According to the World Health Organization, 50 million people are currently diagnosed with epilepsy worldwide. Considering the physical, neurological, psychiatric, and social impact of this disorder, as well as its high prevalence, it is of utmost importance to improve their quality of life. Pharmacotherapy is the most frequently treatment applied in the clinic. However, despite the dozens of anticonvulsant drugs currently available, 30-40% of individuals do not respond to the treatment or develop adverse effects, leading to discontinuation of the treatment. Carbamazepine (CBZ), a first-line anticonvulsant drug indicated in focal epileptic seizures, presents a complex pharmacokinetic profile and it is metabolized into the active metabolite CBZ-10,11-epoxide (CBZE), which is responsible for the major adverse effects of the parent drug. Based upon the pharmacokinetic properties of CBZ, and the low correlation between its dose and pharmacological effects, the plasma concentrations of CBZ should be preferentially monitored and the dosage regimen established according to its pharmacokinetic parameters observed in each patient. In this context, the main goal of the present work encompassed the pharmacokinetic characterization of CBZ and its active metabolite. This was a retrospective study that included 41 adult patients diagnosed with refractory epilepsy followed in Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra (Portugal) and subjected to therapeutic monitoring of CBZ and CBZE. Individual pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated resorting to the Software PKS®. The population herein enrolled presented a median plasma concentration of 7.86 mg/L (2.51-12.88 mg/L) and 1.36 mg/L (0.18-4.24 mg/L), respectively, for CBZ and CBZE, and a median value of 17.67% for the ratio CBZE/CBZ. The total clearance median value was 4.19 L/h (1.75-10.90 L/h) while the distribution volume was 92.82 L (55.93-130.90 L). The co-administration of levetiracetam presented a positive effect in the ratio CBZE/CBZ, suggesting that it increases active metabolite production, which may compromise the safety of the treatment with CBZ. On the other hand, the remaining co-administered antiepileptic drugs did not present statistically significant effects with respect to the pharmacokinetics of CBZ, nor with the CBZE/CBZ ratio. Overall, this study demonstrated the high variability of CBZE/CBZ ratio, being the pharmacokinetic interactions with other antiepileptic drugs, namely levetiracetam, one of the main drivers for this effect. These findings should ideally be evaluated in a larger population in a near future.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Farmacologia Aplicada apresentada à Faculdade de Farmácia

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Interações Farmacocinéticas, Population Pharmacokinetics, Carbamazepine, Pharmacokinetic interactions, Antiepileptic Drugs, Carbamazepina-10,11-epóxido, Carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, Fármacos antiepiléticos, Carbamazepina, Farmacocinética Populacional

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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