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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2023
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Estudo comparativo em esculturas de pedra policromada, para atribuição de autoria

Authors: Teixeira, Gonçalo Filipe dos Santos;

Estudo comparativo em esculturas de pedra policromada, para atribuição de autoria

Abstract

A realização deste trabalho teve como objetivo o estudo comparativo de obras de arte, mais concretamente na constituição de pigmentos e estratigrafias, através das suas características físicas e químicas. O estudo consistiu na análise e comparação de amostras provenientes de 4 anjos por meio de técnicas elementares, espectroscópicas e análises multivariadas como XRF, SEM-EDS, RAMAN, MO e PCA. Dois desses anjos presentes na tampa do Túmulo da Rainha Santa, que se encontra agora no Convento Santa-Clara-A-Nova, foram esculpidos e trabalhados por Mestre Pêro na sua oficina, tendo sido esses anjos utilizados para a comparação de outras duas esculturas (anjos atlantes) agora presentes no Museu Nacional Machado de Castro.As análises revelaram uma constituição policromática e estratigráfica complexa com a utilização de pigmentos como Branco de Chumbo, Vermelhão, Pigmentos da terra como Óxidos de Ferro, Chumbo e Manganês de coloração avermelhada-acastanhada. Azurite para a pigmentação azul, oxidações de Cobre, como forma de atribuir a coloração verde e pigmentos de fumo obtidos através da queima de material orgânico, (cinzas e carvões) com o intuito de escurecer pigmentos e tonalidades.Em adição, camadas preparativas contendo uma mistura de carbonato de cálcio provenientes da pedra calcária Ançã, com sulfatos de cálcio característico do Gesso e aglutinantes de coloração acastanhada, para provocar melhor aderência de pigmentos, foram detetados nas camadas mais internas das amostras. Detetou-se também motivos auríferos e ligas metálicas brilhantes num largo espetro de amostras. Por SEM-EDS, conclui-se existir um maior grau de pureza de ouro para os anjos presentes na tampa do Túmulo da Rainha Santa comparativamente com os motivos auríferos dos anjos atlantes.As estratigrafias mais externas continham, na sua constituição, colas e vernizes de forma a garantir uma melhor preservação de pigmentos: óleo de Linhaça, cera de abelha, gema e clara de ovo foram os materiais encontrados. O segundo momento do trabalho incide nas laterais do Túmulo da Rainha Santa, mais concretamente nos motivos florais presentes acima dos nichos. Estes dados previamente recolhidos por Mariana e Hugo Silva, no âmbito do Estágio no Centro de Física da UC (CFisUC), foram analisados, interpretados e publicados nesta dissertação.As amostras e pigmentos, analisados sobre o mesmo espetro de técnicas, permitiu traçar outra linha comparativa entre as esculturas dos anjos atlantes e estas presente no Túmulo, fortalecendo os resultados obtidos. Este segundo capítulo cessa com uma representação fotográfica das diferentes estratigrafias e aplicações de tinta visíveis e detetadas sobre a manipulação do MO.

This dissertation aimed at the comparative studies of works of art, more specifically in the constitution of pigments and stratigraphies, through the physical and chemical characteristics present in these works.The study consisted of analysing and comparing samples from 4 angels using elementary, spectroscopic, and multivariate analysis techniques such as XRF, SEM-EDS, RAMAN, MO and PCA. Two of these angels present on the lid of the Tomb of the Holy Queen, which is now in the Santa-Clara-A-Nova Convent, were sculpted and worked by Mestre Pêro in his workshop, these angels having been used to compare two other sculptures (Atlantean angels) now presented at the Machado de Castro NationalMuseum.The analyses revealed a polychromatic and stratigraphy’s complex constitution, with the use of pigments such as Lead White, Vermillon, Earth Pigments like Iron, Lead and Manganese Oxides of reddish-brownish coloration. Azurite for the blue pigmentation, Copper oxides, as a way of attributing green colour and smoke pigments obtained from the burnt of organic material, (ashes and charcoal) with the purpose of darkening pigments and shades.In addition, preparatory layers containing a mixture of Calcium Carbonates, from the Calcite Ançã Stone, with Calcium Sulphates characteristic of Gypsum and “binders” of brownish colour, enhancing a better adherence of pigments, where detected on the inner layers of the sample. Golden Leaves and metallic shinny alloys on a large spectrum of samples were detected by SEM-EDS, which conclude on the existence of a higher golden purity for the angles present on the lid of the thumb of the Holy Queen comparatively with the Golden Leaves on Atlantean angels.External stratigraphies contained in their constitution binders and varnishes, in a way that a better preservation of pigments could happen, linseed oil, bee wax, yolk and white’s egg where the materials founded throughout the artifacts.The second moment of this work, focused on the sides of the Tomb of the Holy Queen, more specifically on the floral motives present above the niches. This data, previously collected by Mariana and Hugo Silva, as part of an Internship at the UC Physics Center (CFisUC), where analysed, interpreted and publish together in this dissertation.The samples and pigments analysed through the same spectrum of techniques, allowed to draw another comparative line between the Atlantean angels sculptures and the ones present on the Tumb, strengthening the results obtained. This second chapter ends with a photographic representation of different stratigraphies and visible paint applications, detected under the manipulation of the MO.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Química Forense apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Pigments, Queen's Tomb, Pigmentos, CSCN, MNMC, Túmulo da Rainha, Angels, Anjos

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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