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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2022
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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AMARGA LARANJA DE 61. Inserção do Ecocídio no catálogo dos crimes internacionais: iminência ou ilusão?

Authors: Cantante, Raquel Coelho Alves;

AMARGA LARANJA DE 61. Inserção do Ecocídio no catálogo dos crimes internacionais: iminência ou ilusão?

Abstract

A dissertação a que nos propomos encontra no Ecocídio o seu centro de gravidade. Neste sentido, enquanto valor superior e imprescindível à vida, o ambiente e a sua proteção têm suscitado, cada vez mais, a reflexão da comunidade internacional. Ademais, os ramos de Direito, nomeadamente administrativo, civil e fiscal, revelam um grau de ineficiência, senão mesmo inércia, em regular eficazmente esta matéria, colocando em questão se estará o Direito Internacional Penal – por natureza, de ultima ratio – em vias de se tornar o Direito por excelência no tratamento dos crimes ambientais transnacionais. Nesta senda, a nossa reflexão refugia-se nos diversificados esforços técnico-jurídicos e científicos, que vêm surgindo no seio da comunidade internacional, e que procuram punir os danos graves, extensos e duradouros ao meio ambiente, através da criação de um crime internacional, a ser incluído no Estatuto de Roma, porventura como quinto crime contra a paz e a segurança da humanidade. As dúvidas afunilam-se numa ou duas questões finais: estará, o Ecocídio, em vias de ser reconhecido como crime internacional, enquanto “tipo penal” concreto, capaz de individualizar a conduta dos agentes e descrever objetivamente um comportamento abstrato, manifestando caraterísticas de precisão, clareza e taxatividade suficientes? Ou tais aspirações redundam numa mera ilusão? Assente esteja a abertura dos direitos humanos à ecologia, fazemos uma viagem pelas origens da conceção do Ecocídio. Desta feita, urge compreender o sentido da sua conceção: trata-se de um crime contra a humanidade? Contra a natureza? Ou estamos na iminência de um novo crime contra a paz e a segurança da humanidade, que pelas suas particularidades, reclama um regime próprio que o atira para fora dos quadros dos crimes internacionais tradicionais? Ao nível da sua fundamentação e do tipo penal, outras questões se instalam e exigem rápida solução. O Ecocídio existe, mas não existe. Enquanto conduta lesiva do ambiente, existe certamente. Enquanto conduta criminalizada, (ainda) não. Estará a janela a abrir-se para que, dentro em breve, os quadros jurídicos internacionais reconheçam este novo crime?

The dissertation we propose finds its center of gravity in Ecocide. In this sense, as a superior and essential value to life, the environment and its protection have increasingly raised the reflection of the international community. Furthermore, the multiple branches of the law, namely administrative, civil, and taxation, reveal a degree of inefficiency, if not inertia, in effectively regulating this matter, questioning whether International Criminal Law - by nature, the ultima ratio - is becoming the law par excellence in the treatment of transnational environmental crimes. In this way, our reflection finds its support in the diversified technical, legal and scientific efforts emerging within the international community, which seek to punish severe, extensive and lasting environmental damage by creating an international crime, to be included in the Rome Statute, perhaps as the fifth crime against peace and humanity. Our doubts lead us to one or two final questions: is Ecocide on the way to being recognized as an international crime (as a concrete “criminal type”) capable of individualizing the conduct of the agents and objectively describing an abstract behavior, manifesting characteristics of precision, sufficient clarity, and taxation? Or do such aspirations result in a mere illusion?Based on the openness of human rights to ecology, we take a journey through the origins of the design of Ecocide. At this point, it is urgent to understand the meaning of its conception: is it a crime against humanity? Against nature? Or are we on the eve of a new crime against the peace and security of humanity, which by its particularities claims a regime of its own that throws it out of the frameworks of traditional international crimes? At the level of its reasoning and criminal type, other issues are installed and require a quick solution. Ecocide exists, but it doesn't. As an environmentally harmful conduct, there is certainly. As for criminalized conduct, (still) doesn't. Is the window opening so that international legal frameworks will soon recognise this new crime?

Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito apresentada à Faculdade de Direito

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

Ambiente, Crimes contra a Humanidade, Crimes against Humanity, Ecocide, Human right to a healthy environment, Direito humano a um ambiente saudável, Environment, International Criminal Court, Tribunal Penal Internacional, Ecocídio

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
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Average
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