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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2022
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Da Intervenção Humanitária à Responsabilidade de Proteger

Authors: Ramos, Alexandra Baião Ribeiro Seabra;

Da Intervenção Humanitária à Responsabilidade de Proteger

Abstract

Não raras vezes o mundo é confrontado com guerras e com violações graves de direitos humanos.Coloca-se, deste modo, a questão de saber como responder a crimes atrozes e de que forma essa resposta se concilia com alguns princípios do Direito Internacional. Assim, a intervenção humanitária surge como forma de conciliar os princípios relativos à soberania, proibição da força e não ingerência, por um lado, com o respeito pelos direitos humanos, por outro. Contudo, a intervenção humanitária “clássica” mostrou ser, na prática, um instituto utilizado ao sabor da vontade dos Estados, e poucas vezes conseguiu solucionar conflitos causadores de sofrimento atroz para as populações.Por seu turno, a Responsabilidade de Proteger assume, hodiernamente, um papel de destaque no Direito Internacional. Configurando a soberania enquanto responsabilidade, esta doutrina almejou mudar o foco que as intervenções humanitárias até então existentes tinham colocado num “direito de intervir”, para um verdadeiro dever de prevenir, reagir e reconstruir.Com o presente estudo pretendemos mostrar que esta doutrina possui, em teoria, as bases necessárias para uma efetiva mudança de paradigma. Contudo, a mesma não é perfeita e enfrenta alguns desafios, nomeadamente no que à dimensão da Responsabilidade de Reagir diz respeito. Perante uma constante inação do Conselho de Segurança face a situações de atrocidades cometidas em massa, coloca-se, nomeadamente, a questão de saber: se se impõe uma alteração na composição do CS e suas regras de funcionamento; se será de criar um novo Comité; se será de mobilizar a Uniting for Peace, ou se será de admitir ações levadas a cabo por organizações regionais.

The world is often confronted with wars and serious human rights violations.This raises the question of how to respond to atrocious crimes and how this response is reconciled with some principles of International Law. Thus, humanitarian intervention emerges as a way to reconcile the principles related to sovereignty, prohibition of force and non-intervention, on the one hand, with respect for human rights, on the other. However, the "classical" humanitarian intervention proved to be, in practice, an institute used to the will of the States, and rarely managed to solve conflicts that caused atrocious suffering to the populations.For its part, the Responsibility to Protect assumes, nowadays, a prominent role in International Law. Configuring sovereignty as a responsibility, this doctrine aimed to change the focus that humanitarian interventions had hitherto placed on a "right to intervene", to a true duty to prevent, react and rebuild.With this study we intend to show that this doctrine has, in theory, the necessary bases for an effective paradigm shift. However, it is not perfect and faces some challenges, particularly regarding to the dimension of the Responsibility to React. Faced with the constant inaction of the Security Council in situations of mass atrocities crimes, some questions arise: whether a change in the composition of the SC and its operating rules is required; whether a new Committee should be set up; whether to mobilise Uniting for Peace, or whether to admit actions taken by regional organisations.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Direito apresentada à Faculdade de Direito

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

intervenção humanitária, Conselho de Segurança, Responsibility to Protect, Responsabilidade de Proteger, direitos humanos, mass atrocity crimes, human rights, Security Council, humanitarian intervention

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
Average
Average
Average
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