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Estudo Geral
Master thesis . 2012
Data sources: Estudo Geral
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Estimativa de gases com efeito de estufa em processos de compostagem

Authors: Sousa, Diana Filipa Mendes;

Estimativa de gases com efeito de estufa em processos de compostagem

Abstract

O principal objetivo deste trabalho focou-se na estimativa de gases com efeito de estufa (GEE) ao longo de processos de compostagem. Neste âmbito, foram feitas medições de dióxido de carbono libertado em reatores laboratoriais de compostagem e comparadas com emissões teóricas a partir de fatores de emissão propostos na literatura, e com previsões estequiométricas. Adicionalmente, foi determinado experimentalmente a quantidade emitida de amoníaco, que não sendo considerado GEE, pode contribuir para este efeito por via indireta. As metodologias experimentais envolveram a absorção de CO2 numa solução de NaOH e de NH3 numa solução de H3BO3. De um modo geral, as emissões dos GEE podem ser distintas, dependendo dos materiais, do tipo de sistema e das condições operatórias utilizados. No presente estudo, as emissões de CO2 observadas através de absorção em NaOH variam de 11.9 a 30.8 g CO2 kg resíduo-1. Na literatura estes valores variam de 12 a 252 g CO2 kg resíduo-1. Por sua vez, as emissões de CH4 e N2O previstas através de fatores de emissão da literatura variam, respetivamente, de 0.006 a 12 g CH4 kg resíduo-1 e 0.0014 a 0.676 g N2O kg resíduo-1. Em relação ao NH3, as emissões observadas foram de 0.5 a 2.8 g NH3 kg resíduo-1. Os valores obtidos através de cálculos estequiométricos para o CO2 e NH3 variam, respetivamente, de 16 a 716 g CO2 kg MO-1 e 3.97×10-5 a 2.13×10-2 g NH3 kg MO-1. De entre as metodologias usadas neste estudo a mais adequada para monitorizar GEE é a medição direta de gases na corrente de saída, sendo contudo, recomendável a cromatografia gasosa de modo a medir simultaneamente e on-line CO2, CH4 e N2O.

The main goal of this study focused on the estimation of greenhouse gas (GHG) over composting processes. In this connection, measurements were made of carbon dioxide released in laboratory reactors composting and compared with theoretical emissions from emission factors proposed in the literature, and with stoichiometric predictions. Additionally, it was experimentally determined the amount of emitted ammonia, which was not considered GHG, may contribute to this effect by indirect means. The experimental methodologies involve the absorption of CO2 in a solution of NaOH and a NH3 in a solution of H3BO3. In general, GHG emissions may be different depending on the materials, the type of system used and the operating conditions. In this study, CO2 emissions observed through absorption in NaOH ranging from 11.9 to 30.8 g CO2 kg waste-1. In the literature values range from 12 to 252 g CO2 kg waste-1. In turn, the CH4 and N2O provided through emission factors literature range, respectively, from 0.006 to 12 g CH4 kg waste-1 and 0.0014 to 0676 g N2O kg waste-1. Regarding NH3 emissions were observed 0.5 to 2.8 g NH3 kg waste-1. The values obtained by stoichiometric calculations for CO2 and NH3 ranging, respectively, from 16 to 716 g CO2 kg OM-1 and 3.97 × 10-5 to 2.13 × 10-2 g NH3 kg OM-1. Among the methodologies used in this study more appropriate to monitor GHG is the direct measurement of gases in output current being however recommended to gas chromatography to measure simultaneously and on-line CO2, CH4 and N2O.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Engenharia do Ambiente, na especialidade de Tecnologia e Gestão do Ambiente, apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.

Country
Portugal
Related Organizations
Keywords

compostagem, Greenhouse gases, composting, fatores de emissão, emission factors, amoníaco, Gases com efeito de estufa, ammonia

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selected citations
These citations are derived from selected sources.
This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Citations provided by BIP!
popularity
This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!
influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
BIP!Influence provided by BIP!
impulse
This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.
BIP!Impulse provided by BIP!
0
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